THE CORAL TRIANGLE AND NUSA PENIDA MARINE PROTECTED AREA Georgina Hayes PADI SI #411108 BSc Hons. Zoology
BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity is a shortened version of the term “Biological diversity”. It includes organisms from the air, land and sea Describes differences between individuals – be that between genes, species and even ecosystems. (Rick Stewart Smith, 2019) Reefs can be considered areas that are diverse due to the species richness.
HOW DIVERSE IS THE EARTH The number of different species in different families of organisms changes every day – we are constantly exploring new areas and finding new species. Most species are insects and microbes - this table is from 1984 and only counts 18,800 fish, we now estimate there are 26,000! (Coral Triangle Center, 2019)
BIODIVERSITY IS GOOD The more diverse an area is, the more resilient an area is to change and they can adapt through evolution Some areas have endemic species which are unique species found no where else in the world (Coral Triangle Center, 2019)
(Coral Triangle Center, 2019)
THE CORAL TRIANGLE The Coral Triangle is the most diverse and biologically complex marine ecosystem on the planet It covers 5.7million square km Matches the species richness of the Amazon rainforest (Coral Triangle Center, 2019)
(Coral Triangle Center, 2019)
THE SOUTH EAST ASIA PACIFIC The SE Asia-Pacific region has the highest coral reef diversity Supports 798 coral species That’s 76% of all coral species known! Individual reefs here support up to 280 species per hectare Raja Ampat has the worlds highest diversity (Georgina Hayes, 2019) with 553 species per hectare
THE SOUTH EAST ASIA PACIFIC High coral diversity supports high fish diversity! Same area is home to 3000 species of reef fish, 6 of the 7 marine turtles and three-quarters of known molluscs (seafocus.com, 2019)
DESTRUCTION OF CORAL Global temperature increase: just 2-3 degrees above normal can impact corals – prolonged exposure not “hot days” Overfishing Physical damage Fishing Storms Corals can take many years to decades to recover
NUSA PENIDA MPA In 2008 area identified as a site with high livelihood dependency on marine resources In 2010 the Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area was established to safeguard the waters and sustain the island communities surrounding (Traveltriangle, 2019)
• Covers an area of 20,057 hectares including Nusa Ceningan and Nusa Lembongan. • Area contains approximately 296 coral species and 576 species of fish • Is one of the highest ranked MPA’s in Indonesia for management effectiveness
(The Green Fins)
(The Green Fins)
WANT TO FIND OUT MORE? • https://www.coraltrianglecenter.org/nusa-penida-mpa/ • https://www.worldwildlife.org/places/coral-triangle • http://kkji.kp3k.kkp.go.id/index.php/en/marine-protected-area-data/ details/7/84 – Nusa Penida MP details • http://www.coraltriangleinitiative.org/ • http://thecoraltriangle.com/
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