Online Repositories: The Archaeology Data Service 15 years on FAIMS workshop, Sydney , Australia, 16 August 2012 Julian Richards, Director Archaeology Data Service http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk
The Archaeology Data Service: • Set up in 1996 – 2 members of staff • Currently c.15 members of staff • Director • Deputy Director (Collections) • Deputy Director (Access) • Administrator • Systems Manager • 3 Applications Developers • 6 Digital Archivists • 1 IfA/HLF trainee • Based within the University of York 29/08/2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 2
Funding: • Initially received funding from • Arts and Humanities Research Board (now AHRC) • Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) • Presently receives core funding from AHRC (one-sixth) alongside a range of project-based funding (five-sixths) • Annual turnover c. £850,000 • Universities & public sector & commercial archaeology • Charging policy: deposit fees – one-off charge • Mandated deposit – AHRC, NERC, English Heritage, Society of Antiquaries, British Academy, CBA http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 29/08/2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 3
Supporting research, learning and teaching with free, high quality and dependable digital resources • Digital preservation • Free access to data via the Internet • Guidance and support for data creators • Teaching and learning resources 29/08/2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 4
Information entropy "Digital information "Digital information lasts forever -or five lasts forever years, whichever comes first." (Jeff Rothenberg, RAND Corp., 1997) Michener, W.K., Brunt, J.W., Helly, J.J., Kirchner, T.B. and Stafford, S.G. 1997. Nongeospatial Metadata for the Ecological Sciences. Ecological Applications. 7: 330-342. http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 5
Memory Lane 4mm Tape 3.5" Floppy Floptical Disk Click! 5.25" Optical Disk IBM 3480 Memory Stick DC4_120 9-Track Reel Sparq Disk Cartridge DVD-ROM Smart Media CD-ROM Punch Tape QIC DC600 8" Floppy G2000 Tape DG90M Tape Rectangular Hole Punch Card 5.25" Floppy xD Picture Card Cassette tape Travan 8mmD-eight Ditto Max 12" Optical Disk DLT Tape MultiMedia Card SD Memory Card CompactFlash Zip Disk Jaz Disk http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 6
Memory Lane 1999 Archaeology Data Service The size of digital archives held by different types of archaeological bodies 40 National body Number of archiving bodies Local gov. archaeology 30 Field archaeology HEI 20 Museum Consultancy 10 0 1-5Mb 5-10Mb 10-50Mb 50-100Mb 100- >1Gb 1,000Mb http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 7
2005 Project Estimates Roughly how much data would be generated by a single project? Average project size (estimated) 19% over 200GB 3% 150 - 200GB 3% 50% 100 - 150GB 50 - 100GB under 50GB 25% http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 8
ADS Maximum Storage Capacity 1996 -2012 (projected) 2012, 13Tb 2007, 780Gb 2004, 146Gb 2001, 50Gb 1997, 13Gb 1996 2008 $100 per GB ($0.10 per Mb) $2per GB ($0.002 per Mb) $100 $2 29/08/2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 9
Archaeological Data Collection Techniques Technologies used 3D Laser Scanning Sidescan Sonar 12% 12% Multibeam Scanning 3% Single Beam Scanning 4% Geophysics 4% Acoustic Tracking 3% Sub bottom profiling 14% Geographic (eg GIS) Lidar 8% Digital Video 1% Video Movie Clips 7% Still Images 3% CAD (2D or 3D) 9% 11% Other 9% http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 10
Archival Standards: How we do it We follow the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model In March 2011 we were very pleased to obtain the Data Seal of Approval: http://assessment.datasealofapproval.org/assessment_36/seal/html/ http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 11
Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 12
Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) Accession Delivery preparation Release Interface Preservation Research Publish Delivery system Deep Storage Nearline backup http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 13 Picture from DLib
GIS CAD Geophysics AP and Remote Sensing Excavation and Fieldwork Virtual Reality 14 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 14
The Guides http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 15
Additional resources http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 16
The Opportunity: no preservation without re-use http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 29/08/2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 17
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Year on year usage 1997-2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 25
Grey Literature Library http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 26
Who is using the ADS? http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 27
Primary re-use of data http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 28
Digital Archives • Afterthought - or part of the publication of a project? • Multiple levels of publication for multiple audiences The LEAP project – linking electronic archives and publications http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 29/08/2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 29
LEAP: Linking Electronic archives and publications
Merv 29/08/2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 31
http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 29/08/2012 http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 33
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Successes and Challenges • Technology permanently in flux Challenges • Automated ingest • Search paradigms • Research/commercial culture • Tool development – OASIS/FISH Successes • Integration into workflow • Embedding within funding bodies • Links with publishers – IA/JOAD • Audience reach http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 40
julian.richards@york.ac.uk http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/ Follow us on Twitter: @ADS_Update Befriend us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/archaeology.data.service http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk 41
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