TELEPHONE CALLS & CONNECTIONS IN THE FIXED NETWORK ETI2506 Monday, 24 October 2016 1
WHERE ARE WE IN THE CURRICULUM? 2
LOCAL EXCHANGE (F (FOLDED) 1. A local area in telecommunications is a geographic area within which calls are charged at the same rate. 2. Subscribers of a local area are 056-XXXXXX connected to their respective telephone exchange called local- exchange or local switch or terminal exchange. 3
LOCAL MULTI-EXCHANGE AREA • A multi-exchange local area has a large number of subscribers one exchange cannot effectively and economically 1200L serve all of them, e.g. Nairobi. • In this case each local exchange has its 20 T 30 T own area called exchange area and the 25 T envelope of all exchange areas would be the local area. 2000L 800L • The capacity of the junctions is based on the peak-hour traffic between the local exchanges. 4
PRACTICAL LOCAL EXCHANGE DIS ISTRIBUTION Cabinet No. 6 400 Pair Cabinet Cable No. 10 400 Pair Cable Cabinet 200 Pair Distribution No. 4 2000 Pair Cable Point No. 4 Cable 400 Pair Cable Telkom Distribution House 200 Pair Point No. 6 Cable Cabinet No. 5 Cabinet No. 8 5
FADING FIXED TELEPHONE NETWORK Open Wire Transmission Lines Telephone Cabinets Telephone Drop Points (DPs) (Obsolete) (Still in Use in Urban Areas) (Still in Use in Urban Areas) 6
NAIROBI FIXED NUMBERING PLAN 7
LOCAL TRANSIT EXCHANGE Kariobangi Parklands • A multi-exchange local area may have a 5,000L 3,000L transit (also called local transit) exchange. • A transit , unlike a local exchange, does Nairobi Local Central Transit Exchange not have subscribers connected to it and 20,000L therefore does not act as a source or sink for traffic in the network. • It only collects and redirects the traffic Westlands Industrial among the exchanges in the local area. 7,000L Area 8,000L 8
NATIONAL NUMBERING PLAN - KAKAMEGA http://ca.go.ke/images/downloads/NUMBERING/TELECOMMUNICATION%20NUMBERING%20PLAN%20FOR%20KENY 9 A%20SEPTEMBER%202016.pdf
NATIONAL NUMBERING PLAN – BUSIA & BUNGOMA http://ca.go.ke/images/downloads/NUMBERING/TELECOMMUNICATION%20NUMBERING%20PLAN%20FOR%20KENY 10 A%20SEPTEMBER%202016.pdf
NATIONAL NUMBERING PLAN – KIS ISUMU & SIA IAYA 11
REGIONAL AND IN INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES Bungoma/Busia 0552030XXX Kakamega 056-2030XXX Area Switching Centre (ASC) 1. Area Switching Centre (ASC) switches transit traffic between different local exchanges. National 2. Example: The Area Switching Switching Centre for western region is Centre based in Kisumu. 000 Kisumu 057-202XXXX International Switching 12 Centre
NATIONAL DESTINATION CODES (N (NDCs) FOR FIX IXED TELEPHONY SERVICES 20 Nairobi City 55 Bungoma and Busia 40 Kwale Town area 56 Kakamega, Butere, Mbale and 41 Mombasa, Mariakani and Kilifi towns Mumias 42 Malindi, Lamu and Garsen towns 57 Kisumu, Maseno and Siaya 43 Voi, Taveta, Wundanyi and Mwatate towns 58 Kisii, Kilgoris, Oyugis and Nyamira 44 Machakos, Makueni, Kitui and Mwingi 59 Homabay and Migori 60 Muranga and Kirinyaga 45 Ngong, Kajiado, Loitokitok and Athi River 61 Nyeri 46 Garissa, Hola, Wajir and Mandera 62 Nanyuki 50 Naivasha and Narok 63 Reserved for future use 51 Nakuru 64 Meru, Maua and Chuka 52 Kericho and Bomet 66 Thika and Ruiru 53 Eldoret, Turbo, Kapsabet, Iten and Kabarnet 67 Kiambu and Kikuyu towns 54 Kitale, Moisbridge, Kapenguria and Lodwar 68 Embu 69 Marsabit and Moyale 13
IN INTERNATIONAL ACCESS CODES/MOBILE ACCESS 000 International Dialling Access 004 East Africa Regional Access Code for Rwanda 005 East Africa Regional Access Code for 006 005 Kenya 006 East Africa Regional Access Code for 254 004 Uganda 003 007 East Africa Regional Access Code for 007 Tanzania Telephony or ‘’Find me anywhere’’ 07 Services 14
SHORT CODES Short codes/short numbers are special telephone numbers, significantly shorter than full telephone numbers, that can be used for: (a)Abbreviated dialling (b)SMS (c)MMS 15
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