Taiwan Tilapia Production Zone Exclusive for Exporting Fu-Sung (Frank) CHIANG, Ph.D. Professor, National Taiwan Ocean University Executive Director, Taiwan Tilapia Alliance
Fu-Sung (Frank) Chiang ! Consumer Economics, Ph.D. Cornell University, USA ! Food and Resource Economics, M.S. University of Florida, USA ! Executive Director, Taiwan Tilapia Alliance, 2002-present ! Advisor, Keelung Tourism Association ! Committee Member, Fishery Advisory Committee, Council of Agriculture, 1998-2002
Outlines ! Why Aquaculture? Why Tilapia? ! Current Developments of Taiwan Tilapia Industry ! Taiwan’s Tilapia Exports ! Taiwan Tilapia Production Zone Exclusive for Exporting ! Concluding Remarks
I. Why Aquaculture? Why Tilapia? I. Why Aquaculture? Why Tilapia? ! Why aquaculture? ! Fish of the 21st. century: Tilapia ! The role of Taiwan on the aquaculture sector 4
Why Aquaculture? Why Aquaculture? 5
Peter F. Drucker “Managing in the Next Society: Beyond the Information Revolution” St. Martin’s Press, 2002
" Drucker (2002) predicted that the “bio-technology” and “aquaculture” will be the “new industry” in the next fifty years. " He used salmon as an example to describe the relationships between wild catch and fish farming products. " In addition, he believes that new and different species will be developed in the fish farming besides salmon. " Thus, “aquaculture” should play an important role in providing the animal protein to human beings.
Global Trends in Aquaculture Global Trends in Aquaculture Rapid growth in aquaculture production Important food supply Contribution in the economics: employment and business Development in maximizing its fully potential contribution Environmentally responsible and social acceptable industry Quality and safety toward a sustainable industry 8
Why Tilapia? Why Tilapia?
Tilapia ! Tilapia is the fish for the 21 th century ! Omnivorous fish ! High density viable ! The most labor-saving aqua-farming sector ! The cheapest aqua-cultured white meat that compliments the natural environment
II. Current Developments of Taiwan Tilapia Industry ! Tilapia Production in Taiwan ! Taiwan’s Flagship Product ! About the Taiwan Tilapia Alliance, T 2 A ! New Product R&Ds 11
The Development of Taiwan Tilapia Industry 1946 , In 1946 , from Singapore • In from Singapore • - - Chen Chen- -Hei Hei WU WU and Chi and Chi- -chau chau KUO KUO Tilapia History Tilapia History - - Oreochromis mossambicus Oreochromis mossambicus 1949 , In 1949 , named In • • named Wu Wu- -Kuo Kuo Yu Yu (fish) (fish) 12
• In 1966, In 1966, from Japan from Japan • - O. O. nilotca nilotca - × O. nilotca × - O. O. nilotca O. mossambicus mossambicus - • In In 1968, Red tilapia • - O. mossambicus albino • In In 1974, from Israel • -O. aurea -O. aurea × O. nilotica 13
Tilapia Production in Taiwan ! Taiwan’s tilapia production and value are 85,414 MT and US$85 millions in 2003. ! The estimated tilapia production and value in 2004 are about 90,000-100,000 MT and US$85 millions. ! During 2003, tilapia production accounted for about 23% of the total aquaculture production in Taiwan.
Strategies of Taiwan Tilapia Industry ! Form a strategic partnership by all Taiwanese domestic producers, marketers, processors, and traders, i.e., Taiwan Tilapia Alliance ! Promote product certification and warranty to ensure the quality and food safety, e.g. GAP ! Development of high value-added products, e.g. Gelatin and Battered & Breading Tilapia ! Promote domestic demands & international cooperation ! Diversify the export markets
About the T 2 A About the " T " 2 A was formed in 2002 T 2 A was formed in 2002 " Through generic advertising to create an image of " Through generic advertising to create an image of superior quality superior quality " Actively participate the exhibits worldwide " Actively participate the exhibits worldwide " To educate farmers via training courses/workshops " To educate farmers via training courses/workshops " Act as a gateway among industry, academia and " Act as a gateway among industry, academia and government government " To draft/Implement the Code of Practices for " To draft/Implement the Code of Practices for Tilapia Farming Tilapia Farming " International Joint " International Joint- -Venture/Cooperation Programs Venture/Cooperation Programs 20
Taiwan’s Flagship Products
Fish Nugget or or Fish Portion Fish Portion Fish Nugget 26
Fish Burger Fish Burger
Gelatin is a protein derived Gelatin is a protein derived from tilapia’ ’s skin and s skin and from tilapia can used to make capsules can used to make capsules 28
III. Taiwan’s Tilapia Exports ! Taiwan’s Tilapia Exports ! US tilapia Imports ! Commodity vs Niche Products: Stable Price or Declining Price for the Tilapia Products in the Future? 29
Taiwan’s Tilapia Exports ! Taiwan’s tilapia exports increased from 15,328 MT in 1996 to 39,718 MT in 2003, an increase of 159% in five years, accounted for about 8% of the total Taiwan fishery product exports. ! Taiwan exports both frozen whole- tilapia and frozen fillets. ! Frozen breaded tilapia nuggets and gelatin are another new exporting products.
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U.S. Tilapia Imports in Value, 1992 - 2004 • China tilapia becomes Taiwan China tilapia becomes Taiwan’ ’s largest competitor since 2002 s largest competitor since 2002 • 33
Photo by F. Chiang
Photo by F. Chiang
Commodity vs Niche Products ! Stable Price or Declining Price for the Tilapia Products in the next 5 years? Year Whole Frozen Fillet Fresh Fillet Year Whole Frozen Fillet Fresh Fillet Frozen (US$/Kg) (US$/Kg) Frozen (US$/Kg) (US$/Kg) (US$/Kg) (US$/Kg) 2003 1 4 6 2003 1 4 6 2004 0.9 3 6 2004 0.9 3 6 Change -0.1 ( 0.1 (- -10%) 10%) -1.0 ( 1.0 (- -25%) 25%) 0 Change - - 0
IV. Tilapia Production Zone ! Application of Good Aquaculture Application of Good Aquaculture ! Practice to Tilapia Farming Practice to Tilapia Farming ! Current Status and Future Perspectives 41
Codes of Taiwan Tilapia Production Zone (Cluster) Certification (GAF)
The Contents of the Code of Practices for Tilapia Farming in Taiwan • Food Safety Food Safety • • Design and Construction of Farms Design and Construction of Farms • • Feed and Feed Use Feed and Feed Use • • General Pond Operation General Pond Operation • • Health Management Health Management • • Therapeutic Agents and Other Chemicals Therapeutic Agents and Other Chemicals • • Effluents and Solid Wastes Effluents and Solid Wastes • • Community and Employee Relations Community and Employee Relations • • Conservation of Biodiversity Conservation of Biodiversity • 43
Good Aquaculture Farm Good Aquaculture Farm ! On Jan. 30, 2004, the Council of Agriculture On Jan. 30, 2004, the Council of Agriculture ! (COA), Taiwan set up the regulations for (COA), Taiwan set up the regulations for certifying the “ “Good Aquaculture Farm, Good Aquaculture Farm, certifying the GAF.” ” GAF. ! The Fisheries Agency of the COA is responsible The Fisheries Agency of the COA is responsible ! for implementing the GAF regulations. for implementing the GAF regulations. ! The Aquaculture Development Association and The Aquaculture Development Association and ! Taiwan Tilapia Alliance are involving in the Taiwan Tilapia Alliance are involving in the certifying process. certifying process. 44
Procedure of the Certification Procedure of the Certification ! Farmers submit the Application form Farmers submit the Application form ! (including farm’ ’s characteristics, license, s characteristics, license, (including farm certificates, pond layouts, etc.) certificates, pond layouts, etc.) ! First Evaluation First Evaluation: the COA : the COA’ ’s appointed s appointed ! committee conducts the evaluation. committee conducts the evaluation. ! Second Evaluation Second Evaluation: on : on- -site visit and site visit and ! contract signing. contract signing. ! Training Courses & Workshops Training Courses & Workshops ! ! Third Evaluation Third Evaluation: 2 times of : 2 times of ! Environment and Residues Analyses Environment and Residues Analyses
Training Courses and Workshops Training Courses and Workshops ! Introduction to Computer Introduction to Computer ! ! Water Quality Control and Testing Water Quality Control and Testing ! ! Drug Management and Analysis Drug Management and Analysis ! ! Fry Production and Grow Fry Production and Grow- -Out Out ! Management Management ! Fish Disease Control Fish Disease Control ! ! Farm Management Farm Management ! ! Marketing and Trade Marketing and Trade !
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