SysML & OVM: Model-based Engineering of Product Lines SWISSED 2017 Markus Schacher & Rolf Gubser, KnowBodies Hohlstrasse 534, 8048 Zürich, Switzerland, www.knowgravity.com
Overview • Product Line Engineering • An Elevator Example in SysML & OVM • Summary Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 2
PRODUCT LINE ENGINEERING Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 3
Product Life Cycles A Product Type Life Cycle Concept Development Production Modernization Retirement Utilization Months to Years Decades A Product Instance Life Cycle Production Installation Modernization Retirement Planning Ordering Operation & Maintenance Months Decades Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 4
System of Systems Life Cycles C D Production Modern. Retir. Utilization Conc.Dev. Prod. Retir. Utilization C D Production Modern. Retir. Utilization Conc.Dev. Prod. Retir. Utilization Concept Development Production Modernization Retirement Utilization Concept Development Production Modernization Retirement Utilization Concept Development Production Modernizat Utilization Production Modern. Retir. Conc.Dev. Prod. Retir. Utilization Utilization Concept Development Production Modernization Retirement Conc.Dev. Prod. Retir. Utilization Utilization Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 5
What is Product Line Engineering (PLE)? Product Line Engineering (PLE) is a way to engineer a portfolio of related products in an efficient manner, taking full advantage of the products’ similarities while respecting and managing their differences. This affects all activities involved in planning, producing, delivering, deploying, sustaining, and retiring products. Typical applications: • Automotive • Aviation • Engines/Machines • Computers • Buildings • Banking products • Standard Software • … Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 6
Why Product Line Engineering (PLE)? When PLE? • Systems with shared components across variants • Systems with optional/alternative or parametrizable components • Complex dependencies between options Benefits of PLE • Reduced time to market • Improved quality through increased reusability • Reduced complexity in stock-keeping Subjects of PLE modeling • Requirements & specifications • Architectures & designs of system components • Validations & verifications • Manuals & documents Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 7
PLE Concepts Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 8
AN ELEVATOR EXAMPLE IN SYSML & OVM Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 9
From Product Line to the Digital Twin Product Line Product Type Product Definition Product Model Product reduction of definition of manufacturing State in alternatives parameters & installation Digital Twin Model World operations & Physical World maintenance Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 10
Orthogonal Variability Modeling (OVM) OVM is PLE approach based on ISO 26550, that has originally been developed at the PALUNO Institute of University Duisburg-Essen. OVM distinguishes two orthogonal models: • The System Model describes the components of a Product Line • The Variability Model describes selectable Options of the Product Line as well as constraints among those options By defining dependencies between options from the variability model and model items in the system model, the system model may automatically be pruned from unnecessary model items after deciding the options. Applying variability decisions on a system model results in ð successive model transformations! Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 11
An OVM Variability Model var External Variants V V V V variants white Mono Door 1..1 VP VP = "white" Door V V Type V V VP VP Duo Door 1..1 VP VP VP VP grey Continent Car Wall = "grey" Doors Color V V 1..1 1..1 variation points petrol = "petrol" «excludes» V V V V V V V V V V Europa Asia US One Door Two Doors V V V V V V V V V V V V Number of Floors 600kg 750kg 900kg Glass Steel = <x> = "1.5" = "2" = "2.5" = "Glass" = "Steel" «excludes» V V 1..1 constraints «requires» Rope Length 1..1 = <x> «requires» «requires» VP VP VP VP V V VP VP VP VP Landing Doors Capacity Car Car Wall Floors = <x> Lighting Material Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 12
Product Line Model: Specializations Car type must be specified Wall type must Door type must be specified be specified Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 13
Product Line Model: Structural Variants Rear Wall is optional Rear Door is optional Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 14
Product Line Model: Single Door Car Wall type must be specified Door type must be specified Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 15
Multi-Level Instantiation – Step 1 Product Line => Product Type VP VP One Car Doors VP VP Duo Door Type Product Product Line Type VP VP Glass Car Wall Material 5 VP VP Car Lighting Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 16
Product Type Model: Single Door Car with Glass Side Walls Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 17
Product Type Model: Single Door Car with Glass Side Walls some parameters are left unspecified Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 18
Multi-Level Instantiation – Step 2 Product Line => Product Type Product Type => Product Definition n VP VP VP VP One Asia Car Continent Doors VP VP VP VP Duo 7 Door Floors Type Product Product Product Line Type Definition VP VP VP VP Glass 750kg Capacity Car Wall Material 5 Petrol VP VP VP VP Wall Car Color Lighting Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 19
Product Definition Model: Parametrized all parameters are now specified Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 20
SUMMARY Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 21
Summary • Many of today's technical products… • are built as "system of systems" • support a high degree of variability • often have (very) long lasting life cycles • Product models… • are specifications of products • are usually subject to many variant decisions • may be instantiated incrementally • OVM orthogonally supplements SysML and other modeling languages by model-based variability A Digital Twin results from the continuation of a Product Model into the "Operation" phase of the product. Model-based Engineering of Product Lines – SWISSED 2017 22
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