Syntax Review NOUNS VERBS NOUNS VERBS Subject Subject Direct - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Syntax Review NOUNS VERBS NOUNS VERBS • Subject Subject • Direct Command Direct Command • • • Direct Object Direct Object • Linking Verb Linking Verb • • • Passive Agent Passive Agent • Participles Participles • • • Direct Address Direct Address • • Predicate • Predicate • Appositive • Appositive

Syntax Review • Subject Subject: usually precedes the verb • • with an active verb, does the action • with a passive verb, is acted upon • Direct Object Direct Object: with an active verb, • receives the action subject → active verb → direct object direct object • she kills him him

Syntax Review • Passive Agent Passive Agent: with passive verb and • “by,” is the doer of the action subject ← passive verb ← passive agent passive agent • he is killed by her her • Direct Address Direct Address: a person or thing who • is spoken to directly • Now, my beloved husband husband, step down!

Syntax Review • Predicate : noun or adjective equated • Predicate : to the subject with a linking verb subject = predicate predicate • if you become king king , we will be happy happy • Appositive Appositive : the second of two nouns • equated (without a linking verb!) noun = noun noun • Behold, my king, the sacker sacker of Troy!

Syntax Review • Direct Command Direct Command: an order or action • given directly to someone • I beg you, Oedipus, do do not hunt hunt this out! • Linking Verb Linking Verb: equates the subject with • a predicate linking verb : subject = = predicate linking verb • Hush, that is is enough ! You shall shall not be be unavenged , . . .

Syntax Review • Participles: Participles: verbal adjectives; do not • serve as main verbs in a sentence –active participles end with - ing and can take direct objects direct objects • Fearing Fearing his parents parents, Oedipus fled Corinth • –passive participles end with - ed and can take passive agents • Frightened Frightened by the bull bull, Hippolytus’ horses • bolted over rocks

Syntax Review Subject Direct Address Direct Command Subject Direct Address Direct Command Direct Object Linking Verb Direct Object Linking Verb Predicate Predicate Passive Agent Participles Passive Agent Participles Appositive Appositive Hipp: The Goddess Artemis is near this place. Art: She is, the dearest of the Gods to you. Hipp: You see my suffering, mistress? Art: I see it. Heavenly law forbids my tears. Hipp: Gone is your huntsman, gone your servant now. Art: Yes, truly: but you die cherished by me . . . Cypris, the worker of mischief, so contrived . . . Hipp: Farewell to you, too holy maiden! Go in peace . . . (Euripides, Hippolytus 1393-1440)

Syntax Review Subject Direct Address Direct Command Subject Direct Address Direct Command Direct Object Linking Verb Direct Object Linking Verb Predicate Predicate Passive Agent Participles Passive Agent Participles Appositive Appositive Hipp: The Goddess Goddess Artemis Artemis is is near this place near this place . Art: She is, the dearest dearest of the Gods to you. She Hipp: You You see my suffering suffering, mistress mistress? Art: I see it it. Heavenly law law forbids my tears tears. I Hipp: Gone Gone is is your huntsman huntsman, gone gone your servant now. Art: Yes, truly: but you you die cherished cherished by me me . . . Cypris, the worker worker of mischief, so contrived . . . Cypris Hipp: Farewell Farewell to you, too holy maiden maiden! Go Go in peace . . . (Euripides, Hippolytus 1393-1440)

Syntax Review Subject Direct Address Direct Command Subject Direct Address Direct Command Direct Object Linking Verb Direct Object Linking Verb Predicate Predicate Passive Agent Participles Passive Agent Participles Appositive Appositive Hear me, you women of Troezen who live in this extremity of land, this anteroom to Argos. Many a time in night’s long empty spaces I have pondered the causes of a life’s shipwreck. . . . . . . our lives are worse than the mind’s quality would warrant. . . . We know the good, we apprehend it clearly. But we can’t bring it to achievement. Some are betrayed by their own laziness. (Euripides, Hippolytus 373-382)

Syntax Review Subject Direct Address Direct Command Subject Direct Address Direct Command Direct Object Linking Verb Direct Object Linking Verb Predicate Predicate Passive Agent Participles Passive Agent Participles Appositive Appositive Hear me me, you you women women of Troezen who live Hear in this extremity of land, this anteroom anteroom to Argos. Many a time in night’s long empty spaces I have pondered the causes causes of a life’s shipwreck. . . . I . . . our lives lives are are worse worse than the mind’s quality would warrant. . . . We know the good good, we we apprehend it it clearly. We But we we can’t bring it it to achievement. Some Some are betrayed by their own laziness laziness. (Euripides, Hippolytus 373-382)

Syntax Review Subject Direct Address Direct Command Subject Direct Address Direct Command Direct Object Linking Verb Direct Object Linking Verb Predicate Predicate Passive Agent Participles Passive Agent Participles Appositive Appositive Love wings her way through the air; she is in the sea, in its foaming billows . . . For she engenders us and sows the seeds of desire whereof we’re born, all we her children, living on the earth. . . . . . . Dawn, the bright light of the world, once ravished Cephalus . . . They are content, I am sure sure, to be subdued by the stroke of love. But you, you won’t submit! (Euripides, Hippolytus 447-458)

Syntax Review Subject Direct Address Direct Command Subject Direct Address Direct Command Direct Object Linking Verb Direct Object Linking Verb Predicate Predicate Passive Agent Participles Passive Agent Participles Appositive Appositive Love wings her way way through the air; she she is is in the sea in the sea, Love in its foaming billows . . . For she she engenders us us in its foaming billows and sows the seeds seeds of desire whereof we’re born, all we we her children children , living living on the earth. . . . . . . Dawn Dawn, the bright light light of the world, once ravished Cephalus Cephalus . . . They are content content, I I am am sure sure, to be subdued They by the stroke stroke of love. But you you, you you won’t submit! (Euripides, Hippolytus 447-458)