Syntax 3 • Predicates Predicates and Linking Verbs Linking Verbs • • Linking Verbs Linking Verbs vs. Passive Verbs Passive Verbs • • Appositives • Appositives
Syntax 3 Predicates • Linking Verbs (e.g. be, become, etc.) equate the subject with a predicate predicate linking verb : subject = predicate predicate – The mother of Hippolytus was an Amazon Amazon – Theseus was born the son son of Poseidon – Hippolytus’ horses went crazy crazy when they saw a bull coming out of the sea
Syntax 3 Predicates • Predicates Predicates can be: • –nouns • Phaedra became Theseus’ second wife wife –or adjectives • Hippolytus grew angry angry at Phaedra –or even prepositional phrases • At that time Theseus was not in Crete in Crete
Syntax 3 • Linking Verbs Linking Verbs vs. Passive Verbs Passive Verbs: • both types of verb use “to be” – Linking Verbs Linking Verbs carry no sense of – action/motion; instead equate things linking verb : subject = = predicate linking verb – Passive Verbs Passive Verbs convey a sense of – action/motion from a passive agent backwards to the subject subject ← passive verb passive verb ← passive agent
Syntax 3 linking verb : subject = = predicate linking verb subject ← passive verb passive verb ← passive agent I am called am called by men men the Goddess Cypris, I I am am mighty mighty among men . . . I Renowned shall shall Phaedra Phaedra be be in her death, . . . Renowned A weary thing thing is is sickness sickness and its pains pains! . . . when your joy joy is is upon you upon you, suddenly you’re foiled re foiled and cheated cheated. you
Syntax 3 • Appositives Appositives : when two nouns nouns are • equated with each other (without a linking verb!), the second is called an appositive appositive (“placed next to”) I called on Artemis Artemis, the Queen Queen of the bow! Euripides, Hippolytus 166
Syntax 3 • Appositives Appositives : when two nouns nouns are • equated with each other (without a linking verb!), the second is called an appositive appositive (“placed next to”) On a dappled throne, deathless goddess goddess, Aphrodite , Zeus’ child child , charmer charmer , I beg ...… Aphrodite Sappho, Ode to Aphrodite
Syntax 3 • Appositives • Appositives noun = noun noun I hail this man, the watchdog watchdog of the fold and hall; the stay stay that keeps the ship alive; the post post to grip groundward the towering roof; a father’s single child child ; land seen by sailors after all their hope is gone; land splendor of daybreak shining from the night of storm; splendor the running spring spring a parched wayfarer strays upon. Aeschylus, Agamemnon 895-201
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