2016.04.12 Sustaintech 2016 Presented by: ANDREW CHAN
Presentation Overview • Water Supply & Demands • Climate Change • Urbanization Impacts • Stormwater Re ‐ use • Re ‐ use Examples TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Presentation Overview Water Stormwater Conservation Mitigation Stormwater Irrigation TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Water Supply & Demand • Water is plentiful in the Prairies • But not where it is needed • Majority of population is in the southern portions of the provinces • Low water yield in southern basins • High water yield in northern basins TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Statistics Canada 2016 TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Increasing Water Demands Growing Growing Populations Water Demand TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Increasing Water Demands TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Infrastructure Demands TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Climate Change and Water Supply Folsom Lake, CA ‐ 2011 and 2014 (California Department of Water Resources) TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Climate Change and Water Supply Bow Glacier recession since 1898 (BRBC) TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Urbanization Stormwater Re ‐ use for Irrigation TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Impervious Cover & Urban Water Balance Stormwater Re ‐ use for Irrigation % Imp Runoff ET Shallow Inf Deep Inf 0 10% 40% 25% 25% 10 ‐ 20 20% 40% 20% 20% 35 ‐ 50 30% 35% 20% 15% > 75 55% 30% 10% 5% TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Stormwater Impacts Nuisance Flooding & Major Floods
Stormwater Impacts Water Quality
Stormwater Impacts Water Quality
Stormwater Impacts Stream Morphology 10% Impervious Threshold
Stormwater Management Rainfall Spectrum TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Drivers in Calgary Total Loading Management Plan (Wastewater & Stormwater) Total Suspended Solids Total Phosphorus BOD 8% 18% 40% 60% 82% 92% TKN Nitrate/Nitrite Ammonia 15% 5% 95% 85% Stormwater Treated Wastewater Effluent TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Drivers in Calgary • Stormwater Approval Criteria – Runoff Rate for Design Flows – Water Quality Treatment (TSS) – Mean Annual Runoff Volume Targets (as low as 11 mm) TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Mean Annual Runoff Yield Statistics Canada 2016 TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Solutions • Reduce runoff and pollutant loading at the source – Low Impact Development / Source Volume Controls • Water Quality Best Management Practices (OGS) • Storm sewers & Stormwater Management Facilities TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Solutions • Re ‐ use treated stormwater as a resource for irrigation onto the urban landscape TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Stormwater Re ‐ use for Irrigation • How much water can we use to Irrigate? • 25 mm / week? 550 mm / yr • 30 mm / week? 660 mm /yr • What will the soil / vegetation need? • ET plus Rainfall (325 – 400 mm/yr) • How does it impact stormwater design TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Water Reuse in Canada • Types of reuse – Rainwater Harvesting – Stormwater Harvesting – Greywater – Treated Effluent – Blackwater – Restricted Irrigation – Unrestricted Irrigation TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Stormwater Reuse Examples Source: (http://www.ionirrigation.com/experience/inland_athletic_park.pdf) TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Stormwater Reuse Examples TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Stormwater Reuse Examples • Calgary Telus Spark • Baker Park Science Centre • Bowness Park • Ralph Klein Legacy Park / • Prince's Island Park Sheperd Wetland • Valley View • All New Planned • Savanna Communities in Calgary… • Cornerstone • Rangeview… TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) • A planning tool that estimates the irrigation demand required to keep vegetation happy and healthy. • Use historical data to assist with continuous simulation modelling (50 years) TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Calgary Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) • Standardized approach / consistency in assumptions • Analysis that satisfies both The City’s Water Resources and Parks Water Management • Streamline the review process TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) • Similar to Ag. irrigation scheduling but for an urban application for urban plants and landscapes • Infrastructure & Land Requirements TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) • IDET calculates the volume of water necessary to replenish lost moisture from soils using site specific parameters. TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) Factors: • Soil characteristics (e.g., texture, depth, compaction); • Subsoil characteristics; • Plant species (type, density, microclimate) & rooting depth; • Water holding capacities; • Potential & Actual evapotranspiration; • Temporal variability of water demands; • Precipitation, wind speed, and temperature data; TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) Factors: • Irrigation method; • Equipment efficiencies; • Irrigation system management efficiencies; and • Other environmental factors (such as a reduction in AET when the soil water content (SWC) is below the amount that is easily extracted from plants for purposes of transpiration). TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) • Climate Data – Precipitation Data • 50 Years of Hourly • 1960 ‐ 2009 – Evapotranspiration • 1960 ‐ 2009 – Wind Speed & Air Temperature TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) • Size (ha or % of total area): Up to 15 • Topsoil Type: 11 Pre ‐ defined • Topsoil Compaction Level • Vegetation Rooting Depth • Vegetation Type: 39 Pre ‐ defined • Vegetation Density TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) • Micro ‐ climate Conditions • Subsoil Type: 11 Pre ‐ defined • Irrigation Method: 8 Pre ‐ defined • Other losses • Irrigation Schedule TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) • Custom soil types – Saturation – Field Capacity – Wilting Point – Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Irrigation Demand Estimation Tool (IDET) TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Why IDET? vs TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Why IDET? • Healthy landscapes • Conserve water / Reduce potable water use • Climate change resiliency • Hydrological health of wetlands • Recharge of groundwater • Meet stormwater goals to help: – Reduce pollutant loads – Reduce rate of change of stream erosion TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Why IDET? • Appropriately sized stormwater and irrigation infrastructure – Stormwater Wetponds design & land use requirements • Stormwater ponds may be reduced in size • but may grow to accommodate irrigation storage and provide additional evaporation • Possible lower HWL • Stormwater pipes can be reduced in size – Irrigation pump stations & distribution • Approvals of developments TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Results Residential Land Use (110 ha, 55% impervious Mean Annual (16 mm target) Runoff (mm) Mean Annual Precipitation 409 Conventional Stormwater Management 156 Disconnect Impervious Areas (8% DCIA) & 70 On ‐ site LIDs (Absorbent Landscaping & Bioretention Areas) + Stormwater Reuse (Irrigation of park spaces) 15 + Wetland replenishment to maintain natural hydroperiod TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Results Light Industrial Land Use (37 ha, 85% impervious Mean Annual (40 mm target) Runoff (mm) Mean Annual Precipitation 409 Conventional Stormwater Management 196 Disconnect Impervious Areas (25% DCIA) & 130 On ‐ site LIDs (Absorbent Landscaping & Bioretention Areas) + Stormwater Reuse (Irrigation of 10% of catchment / park spaces) 52 + Stormwater Reuse (Irrigation of 10% of catchment / park spaces) <31 + Wetland replenishment to maintain natural hydroperiod TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Cost Implications • $2.89/m 3 (2015 Irrigation Water Usage Rate) • Irrigation Water Savings = $10,000 to $16,500 /ha/year TAPPING INTO A STORMWATER RE-USE POTENTIAL
Questions? Presented by: ANDREW CHAN
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