Sustaina nabl ble p production and consumption i in l low carbon c communities Yasuhiko Hotta – an Asian perspective Chen Liu Atsushi Watabe Lewis Akenji Ryu Koide SCP Area, IGES, Japan
• Why Asia? • Why SCP now? • Case study of community practices in Asia • IGES’s engagement in SCP-related initiatives
Why Asia?
Resouce use in AP dominates global use...
Building a SCP Regional Roadmap International and regional frameworks for SCP SDGs, 10YFP, SWITCH-Asia, ASEAN, SACEP Regional Roadmap - aligns with International frameworks Past initiatives on SCP to support national implementation APRSCP SWITCH-Asia National SCP Implementation 10YFP RR - With inputs from regional, past, and international frameworks 2014- 2030 2021 2022 2011 2016 10YFP RR 10YFP SWITCH2 2015
Why SCP now?
Evolution of SCP concept End-of-pipe (1970s) to Cleaner From efficiency (1990s) to life- Sufficiency approach production (1980s) cycle approach (2000s) • • • From reactive to From production orientation From supply chains to value preventative measures to product life-cycle chains • • From acute to chronic orientation From green consumerism to • problems and sources of From single-company search sustainable impacts to life-cycle-wide search for consumption/lifestyles • • From single-pollutant or solutions From focus on technical fixes • single-media to multimedia From consumers as objects to include social and multi-impact pollutants to consumers as agents transformation • • • From site-specific to supply From adversarial stance to From national level chains partnerships implementation to • • From throughput to material From regulation to voluntary transnational approaches • cycles initiatives From growth to well-being (…almost)
Case-study of community practices in Asia
National Government National level Policy promotion Programme in collaboration Sustainable infrastructure with businesses Citizens/Consumers Businesses Local Governments Sustainable production/trade Activation of grass-roots Programme which requires coordination sustainability activities among different businessses Civil society organizations/NGOs 9 9
Cases of local practices for sustainability Vientiane (01/2016) Chiang Rai (01/2016) Bio-gas plant Objectives: Organic farming for experiment at Higashiomi (06/2016) landless farmers To clarify the “conditions” to student dorm / peri- Canola Flower Project Low Carbon House promote the SCP/SDGs-related urban guesthouse Welfare mall Awards Niche industry by young initiative at the community people level Freemasonry Questions: Khon Kaen (01/2016) Community waste treatment and recycling Linkages between local Recycling of wasted cooking oil as awareness/concern on cosmetics/biodiesel by the aged group and sustainability issues and University actions; Organic farm and green market Interaction between local and national/global actors; Da Nang (12/2015) Large-scale pig farm ： utilization of biogas Small-scale pig farm ： use of food waste by restaurants “No blackout” house
Highlights of observation 1. Most initiatives were begun out of concern different from environmental sustainability; 2. Initiatives reframe the challenges & resources; 3. Various initiatives for diverse challenges are working concurrently, where local sustainability are actively practiced; 4. Local “loops” are created, but not bounded to “the local”
Observation 1: Out of diverse & unique concerns • Non-blackout house for “Adaptation” (Danang) • Organic farming for landless farmers (Chiang Rai) • Recycling cooking oil and biodiesel for health & community revitalization (Khon Kaen)
Observation 2: Reframing and Reconfiguration • Higashi-omi: From “Soap Movement” for lake cleanup to Canola Flower Project for local resource circulation & energy supply • Khon Kaen: Urban organic farming for various issues.
Higashiomi - the historical transition of environmental practices Scale Canola Flower Project (Yellow Revolution) started in 1998. Rapeseed cultivation could eligible for the grant-in-aid under the policy of reducing Learn about German’s the production of rice colza oil fuelization since 2004. planning in 1992. “Aitou Eco-plaza of Received the subside by Canola Flower“ opened the National as a regional sustainable Oil shock Environment Agency development center in 2005, With the spread of and Shiga-ken in 1996. which is financially by the non-phosphorus Ministry of Agriculture, synthetic detergent, Forestry and Fisheries. the need of soap decreased; 1976 Water pollution Collected waste cooking oil lost the market. 1980 2004 1998
Khon Kaen, Thailand - network of urban organic farming For the health 11 municipal of family. school Initiated by the local Central Government Volunteer/ government, but driven Strategies for low Organic Food Kitchen by the communities. carbon society gardener Third trial to success: NGO’s attempt -> fail KK Network of Fund, For marketing, urban organic information, city’s policy -> fail KKC & health and farming support NGO -> gradually yield. Local Government spreading Green 4 Strategies for Under the strong Market sustainable society Full-time each Friday leadership of current - “Large trees” farmer mayor for improving - Green heart of To ensure the environment, various next generation Certification of health of the initiatives are working. - Minimizing waste citizens the world standard - Energy efficiency Consultants
Observation 3: Concurrent initiatives for diverse challenges • Higashi-omi: Citizen’s movements cheered by the city office • Welfare mall: local food / energy production and consumption and employment of handicapped • Better utilization of local woods • Farm stay • Citizen’s power plant • “Soyori” (town gathering for exchange / collaboration) • Khon Kaen: City government arouses community actions • Street planting; • Green market; & other “organic” villages • Community-university collaboration for recycling of cooking oil • Community based waste treatment and recycling…
Canola Flower Project (Yellow Revolution) Higashiomi - Canola flower & various initiatives Cooperation with ( http://www.nanohana.gr.jp/?page_id=39 ) beekeeping farmer Human/ Natural capital ↑ Social capital ↑ Reg egen ener erati tion Harvesting Pro Provide j job of of m mount ountain NPO oppor ortunit unity Cooperation NPO Expressing with forestry Reg egen ener erati tion Partn tner ership Compost Cooperation of f farm rmla land Planting netw etwork o of citi tizen en, with farmers organizati tions, Water tershed ed BDF agen encies es a and etc etc. utilization conser ervati tion Oil supply/ Regional Consumption Citizen contribution Lo Local r rev evita talizati tion participation Natu Na tural ‐ Reconstruc uction on Distruibution ener en ergy of f agri ricu cult lture re Recycling ‐ Eco-tour ouris ism … … Manufactured capital ↑ Collecting School, household, Crea eati tion/ex exchange e Eco-pl plaza restaurant of knowled edge, e, wisdo sdom m and know now- Oil m l mill & ll & wasted ted-oil oil NPO how. how Consumer learning disposal fac facility group
Observation 4: Local “loops” created, but not bounded • Reconnecting the “loop” • Resources – Production – Distribution – Consumption (urban organic farm) • Waste – resources (biodiesel etc) • Reconfiguring “resources” • Unused land for energy production • But “loops” are not locally bounded • Seeking for political/financial support • Marketing for outside customers; • Local challenges and actions are: dynamic interactions among local concerns, resources, global/national agenda and political & financial support
Reconsidering the question: Concurrent sustainability initiatives: keys for local sustainability? • Can accept various ways of participation; • Full-time / part-time • Practitioner / business owner / consumer / government officials; • New ideas/synergies among various initiatives • Can reframe & reconfigure for changing conditions; • Accumulating capacities for aspiring to alternatives: • Mobilisation of local/outer resources • Trust with local governments / among practitioners / citizens
Reconsidering the question: Concurrent sustainability initiatives: As a research topic? • Capturing “concurrent” initiatives and detailed analysis • Drawing the perspective of the local concurrent initiatives • Detailed analysis of specific initiative(s) • Comparison between similar initiatives with difference • Concerns, available resources, outputs • Possible case: Bioenergy in Higashiomi, Khon Kaen and Danang? Diverse movements of organic farm(s) in Khon Kaen • Comparison between cities • Ways of communication among different initiatives • Available resources (natural, human, financial, technological, political); • Possible case: Higahsiomi and Khon Kaen (and Surabaya?)
IGES’s engagement to SCP initiatives and research
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