Sustainable Consumption & Production (SCP) and Green Jobs Janet - PDF document

Sustainable Consumption & Production (SCP) and Green Jobs Janet Salem, UNEP Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 UNEP UNEP is the designated authority of the United Nations system in environmental issues at the global and regional level. UNEP’s mandate is to coordinate the development of environmental policy consensus by keeping the global environment under review and bringing emerging issues to the attention of governments and the international community for action. The aim of SWITCH ‐ Asia is to promote Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) in Asia. To achieve this objective, the Programme supports capacity building, formulation and implementation of SCP ‐ related policies. Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2

Definition of SCP • Simplest and most comprehensive is (UNEP 2011) SCP is a holistic approach to minimising the negative environmental impacts from consumption and production systems while promoting quality of life for all” Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3 SCP, Green Growth, Green Economy 1. Principles of SCP not really different from Green Growth, Green Economy, Low ‐ carbon path. 2. Green growth and Low ‐ carbon path refer to pathways to sustainability. 3. Green economy invites attention to financing of sustainable consumption & production and investments needed. Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4

Outline • Understanding socioeconomic drivers of impacts to find socioeconomic solutions • Enabling conditions for SCP: – Societal goals aligned with sustainability – The next innovation wave – SCP policy framework conducive to green jobs Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 Understanding socioeconomic drivers Wellbeing Resource Eco ‐ P opulatio A ffluence I mpacts In T ensity intensity of n (Utility/ resources (climate, (GDP/ GDP) capita) biodiversity, (capita) (Resource/ (Impact/ human Utility) Resource) health, scarcity) Adapted from Azar et al, 2002 Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 6

Population (capita) East Asia + Pacific 2 billion South Asia 0 1960 2011 Resource Eco ‐ Wellbeing P opulatio A ffluence I mpacts intensity of In T ensity n (Utility/ resources (GDP/ (climate, GDP) capita) biodiversity, (capita) (Resource/ (Impact/ human Utility) Resource) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Adapted from Azar et al, 2002 7 Affluence (GDP/capita) 5,000 East Asia + Pacific South Asia 0 1960 2011 Wellbeing Resource Eco ‐ P opulatio A ffluence I mpacts intensity of In T ensity n (Utility/ resources (GDP/ (climate, GDP) biodiversity, capita) (capita) (Resource/ (Impact/ human Utility) Resource) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 8 8

Wellbeing (Utility/capita) 1 Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, (no Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, HDI (?) Philippines, Kiribati, data) Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Lao PDR, Cambodia, Bhutan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, 0 Myanmar, Nepal , Afghanistan 1960 1980 2011 Resource Eco ‐ Wellbeing P opulatio A ffluence I mpacts intensity of In T ensity n (Utility/ resources (GDP/ (climate, GDP) (Impact/ capita) biodiversity, (capita) (Resource/ Resource) human Utility) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 9 9 Resource Intensity (Resource/Utility) 3.5 Asia Pacific Kg/$ World Rest of World 0 1960 1980 2011 Wellbeing Resource Eco ‐ P opulatio A ffluence I mpacts intensity of In T ensity n (Utility/ resources (GDP/ (climate, GDP) (Impact/ biodiversity, capita) (capita) (Resource/ Resource) human Utility) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 10 10

Eco ‐ Intensity (Impact/Resource) 800 Other developed Former centrally planned Kcal/per LAC son/day E and SE Asia from Near East, North Africa livestock South Asia 0 1960 1980 2011 Resource Eco ‐ Wellbeing P opulatio A ffluence I mpacts intensity of In T ensity n (Utility/ resources (GDP/ (climate, GDP) (Impact/ capita) biodiversity, (capita) (Resource/ Resource) human Utility) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 11 11 IPAT – Impacts (#end of world?) Go back! SCP opportunities Wellbeing Resource Eco ‐ P opulatio A ffluence I mpacts intensity of In T ensity n (Utility/ resources (GDP/ (climate, GDP) biodiversity, capita) (capita) (Resource/ (Impact/ human Utility) Resource) health, scarcity) Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 12 Adapted from Azar et al, 2002

Consumption of Materials 100 Total (Global) 90 Industrial Countries 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Developing Countries 10 Years 0 25 50 75 Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 Adapted from Ashok Khosla, 2012 Outline • Understanding socioeconomic drivers of impacts to find socioeconomic solutions • Enabling conditions for SCP: – Societal goals aligned with sustainability – The next innovation wave – SCP policy framework conducive to green jobs Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1. Societal values ‐ Which development path? Developing Copy Cat? Piggy Back? Leap Frog? Countries: Horse Jump? Developed Business as Fine Tuning? Transforming? countries: usual? Societal Choices Technology Strategy Objectives Lifestyle/Values Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Adapted from Ashok Khosla, 2012 1. Societal values ‐ Which development path? Path: Copy Cat? Piggy Back? Leap Frog? Horse jump? Models? Obsolescence Miniaturize/ Share economy, Rethinking Durability collaboration wealth Manufacturing Hardware Mini hardware Sharing, Rental Biomimicry Construction? Cement, Steel, Lightweight Recycled Industrial Wastes Concrete Elements Materials Waste? Dumping, Sep. Toilets, Biogas, Reuse, Refuse, Redesign Incineration Composting Repair, Recycling Redistribute Transport? Car, Airplane Fuel efficient Public Transport, Zoning, IT cars, two Adapted from Ashok Khosla, 2012 Bicycle Internet wheelers Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Lighting? Incandescent CFLs LEDs Daylight

2. The next innovation wave! James Bradfield Moody, World Resources Forum 2012, www.sixthwave.org Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 17 Resource efficiency Adapted from James Bradfield Moody, World Resources Forum 2012, www.sixthwave.org Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 18

The sixth wave • Markets: Waste = Opportunity TIME names Collaborative • Institutions: Sell the Service, Consumption as one of the not the Product “10 Ideas That Will Change Permaculture – The World” stunningly productive agriculture systems • Technology: Digital and Natural Converge • Systems: Bits are Global, Atoms are Local • Integrating: If in doubt, look to nature Adapted from James Bradfield Moody, World Resources Forum 2012, www.sixthwave.org Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 3. Policy tools SCP Policy tools serve to shift consumption behavior and production patterns • in a sustainable direction: – Phase out undesirable products and behaviours – Expand market for more sustainable products – Provide incentives for more sustainable behaviour Regulatory Tools: Command & Control Economic Tools: Market ‐ based Instruments Information ‐ based Tools: Enabling Informed Choices Voluntary Agreements: Negotiated Target ‐ setting Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 20 20

Conclusion • Green jobs should be part of a strategy to mitigate drivers of impacts. • Aligning societal goals with sustainability will help set up the right policy frameworks to enable green jobs. • Early SCP adopters will benefit in the next innovation wave. Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 21 Thank you! Janet.Salem@unep.org Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 22