ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES AT A MESO-LEVEL: PRINCIPLES, LIMITATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF TERRITORIAL LCA Eléonore Loiseau , Philippe Roux, Guillaume Junqua, Pierre Maurel and Véronique Bellon-Maurel research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment Congrès [avniR] – Lille – 5 et 6 novembre 2014
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion Broadening the LCA scope Broadening the SCOPE of INDICATORS Broadening the SCOPE of INDICATORS Economique Environmental Economic Social B B r r Micro Scale o o Social Life Cycle Life Cycle Assessment Life Cycle Costjng a a Assessment (“Product-oriented”) d d e e n n i A A i n n N N g g A Input Output Analysis A Needs for t t L (IOA) / Partjal L h h Meso Scale EIOA / … Y … Y e equilibrium models / e S adaptjons of the S … I I O O S S B LCA B J J E E methodological C C Macro Scale T T Multj -region IOA / framework o … General equilibrium … o (Natjonal Economy, f models / … f Economy-wide) From Guinée et al., 2011 research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 2
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion What is meso-level? SCALES of Object of Analysis Lower Upper Upper Lower Macro Meso Micro Micro Meso Small Politjcal Citjzens Neighborhoods Regions Natjons DIMENSION regions Economy- Sites / Products / Productjon Sectors Economic Companies wide Services processes Territory- oriented LCAs research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 3
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion Territory-oriented LCAs Stakeholders The territory: a Geographical complex and area multjfunctjonal system (Datar 2003, Moine 2006) Use Develop Manage Territory-based LCAs Territorial LCAs All productjon and consumptjon actjvitjes One specifjc actjvity sector research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 4
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion Territorial LCAs Territorial LCAs All productjon and consumptjon actjvitjes One specifjc actjvity sector research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 5
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion Main botulenecks and adaptatjons* Phase 4: Interprétation Phase 4: Interprétation INDICATORS Phase 1: Phase 1: Phase 3: Life Phase 3: Life Phase 2: Phase 2: Scope and Cycle Impact Scope and Cycle Impact Life Cycle Life Cycle Goal Assessment Goal Assessment Inventory Inventory definitions definitions (LCIA) (LCIA) (LCI) (LCI) Data Consideration of FU MB 3 MB 4 MB 1 collection local context definition System MB 2 boudaries *Loiseau et al. 2013. Adaptjng the LCA framework to Sources: ISO 14040 and14044 environmental assessment in land planning. Int J LCA 18 (8) research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 6
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion MB 1 : Functjonal unit defjnitjon Conventjonal LCA Territorial LCA Function Definition of the Function Definition of the definition of the territory definition of the territory Inventory & Services provided by Inventory & Services provided by studied system studied system perimeter and perimeter and Environmental Impacts Environmental Impacts Quantification the territory and a Quantification the territory and a (i.e. product or the land planning (i.e. product or the land planning given land planning given land planning service) scenario service) scenario scenario scenario Defjned by Stakeholders / Experts Scientjfjc and grey literature research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 7
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion MB 1 : Functjonal unit defjnitjon Utjlized Agricultural Gross land (ha) ECONOMIC Land Use From scientjfc Domestjc Functjons Product and « grey » Shellfjsh productjon (t) literature (GDP, €) Innovatjon / Number of working people with Productjon Knowledge higher educatjon Number of Number of Performance indicators of main community-based SOCIETAL Land Use economic land use functjons residences facilitjes Functjons Accommodatjon Quantjty of Natura 2000 capacity of waste locally ENVIRONMENTAL Land Use Number of areas (ha) Health / Leisure heathcare Cohesion treated (t) secondary Functjons establishments residences Number of dwellings connected (number of beds) to sewage Performance indicators of Abiotjc Number of bird species of societal land use functjons Biotjc Resources Resources community interest Performance indicators of *Pérez-Soba et al. 2008, Banski et al. 2011, MEDDTL environmental land use functjons (Minsitry of Ecology) 2011 research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 8
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion MB 2 : System boundary defjnitjon Concept of Total Economic fmows Responsibility* Economic Productjon Consumptjon Economic fmows actjvitjes fmows actjvitjes Economic Geographical boundaries fmows ! Potentjal Double countjng *Source: Eder and Narodoslawsky 1999 research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 9
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion MB 3 : Data collectjon Two Botuom- Top-down approaches up approach approach Step 1: National / regional Local data: data: Activity inventories Statistics, surveys, Statistics, Reports, (consumption and reports, GIS, … surveys, … production) Environmental Input Process LCA Step 2: Output LCA (PRO-LCA) Conversion into LCIs (EIO-LCA) Physical fmows Monetary fmows research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 10
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion MB 4 : Consideratjon of local context Emissions Emissions Emissions Consumption Production and activities Resources production activities Resources Goods and services Studied territory Rest of the world « Off-site » or indirect Impacts « In-site » or directs Impacts research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 11
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion Implementatjon in the French Mediterranean territory of Bassin de Thau* Identjty card 370 km² 117 000 inhabitants 14 muncipalitjes Aturactjve coastal territory (tourim, shellfjsh productjon, wine growing, port area) The lagoon, a rich ecological heritage Environmental diagnosis for the year 2010 *Loiseau et al. 2014. Implementatjon of an adapted LCA framework to environmental assessment of a territory: Important learning points from a French Mediterranean case study. J Clean Prod 80 (1) research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 17-29 12
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion System descriptjon CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION M T O m A r A I a t F E i E I a h q a h n n S g n B T i I s n h x n E n n u s e d d u o r e u t s t d a i a h n a - r o u u r u r f c i p p b a c e a l g v e S s s r o r u d l o i c u r c r e a i i a t t t f e c s l i i g r r r t g a l t m t n c e e r t i i i u l t t u n y e v e i e v u s g e s s r e f a r t s e s e i r i e n n c s / n e e t d g s Wholesale Cereals Highways trade Grappes Food, Railway Tertiary Orchards Wind turbines Goods and Bauxite Harbor activities Sunflowers Cogeneration Services Limestone (lawyers, Gardening editors, …) Poultries Incineration Transport Landfill Houses Shellfish Shops Waste sorting Housing Flats Education production (industrial and Fisheries Health hazardous) Waste and (trawlers, Purse Medical and Activated wastewater seiners) paramedical sludge manage- Sport & leisure Lagoon-based ment ICPEs Personal treatement Other industries services research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 13
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion Data sources Actjvity inventory Actjvity reports: company annual accounts, annual reports of local authoritjes (e.g. informatjon on public services such as waste and wastewater mangement …) Administratjve reports: e.g. prefectoral decisions for Installatjons Classifjed for the protectjon of the Environment Reports or studies: e.g. Regional planning on energy Natjonal, regional or local statjstjcs (INSEE) research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 14
‟ Territorial LCA ” Framework Introductjon Results Conclusion Data sources LCIs More than 250 Food, good and EIO - LCA products and service services consumptjon US IO Table 500 products more than 1300 21 Manufacturing environmental fmows industrial actjvitjes other sectors than ICPEs PRO - LCA Ecoinvent Other consumptjon and Surveys productjon actjvitjes Internal reports research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment 15
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