Study of MRS photodiodes for T2K experiment Yury Kudenko E. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Study of MRS photodiodes for T2K experiment Yury Kudenko E. Akhromeev, G. Bondarenko* ) , V. Golovin* ) , E. Gushin, A. I zmailov, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, B. Lubsandorzhiev, O. Mineev, Yu. Musienko, A. Shaikhiev, N. Yershov I NR, Moscow * ) CPTA, Moscow T2K detectors MRS photodiodes parameters tests 400 pixel MPPC’s SMRD detectors with MRS APD’s PD07, Kobe, 28 June 2007

Possible Future � T2K-I I T2K setup ND280m ND2km μ monitor SK p π ν off-axis o n - a x i s 0 m 1 4 0 m 2 8 0 m 2 km 2 9 5 km FGDs TPCs ECAL Magnet neutrino decay yoke volume Magnet coils � beam Tracker Pi-zero Detector PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 2 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 2

ND280m INGRID Scintillator detectors with WLS fibers - Individual fiber readout FGD, POD, Ecal, SMRD, I NGRI D: ∼ 60000 readout channels - Limited space for photosensors - Magnetic field T2K decision in 2004: ND280m baseline photosensor - Multi-pixel Geiger mode avalanche photodiode PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 3 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 3

Photosensors for T2K (2004-2005) MRS APD (CPTA, Moscow) MPPC (Hamamatsu,Japan) 556 pixels 100/ 400 pixels 1.1 mm 1 mm # pixels ≥ 400 Active area 1.0-1.2 mm 2 Gain ~ 10 6 T2K requirements: Minimum PDE 12% Bias voltage 25-70 V Dark rate ≤ 1MHz (th = 0.5 p.e.) Pulse width ≤ 50 ns Life time, stability very good PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 4 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 4

Structure of MRS APD Photosensitive pixel + Bias voltage Metal electrode for power distribution and Quenching pixel isolation resistor Transparent layer SiO 2 + Upper electrode ( ) n − layer p − layer High density field area 40 μ m (Geiger discharge area) 1.1 mm + p − low resistance substrate Number of pixels 556 MRS APD: 1.1 mm 2 Sensitive area 42V (1710) 2004-05 Geom. efficiency 75-80% 23V 2006 ∅ 4.1 mm Package 30V 2007 About 300 MRS APD’s were tested in total PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 5 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 5

PDE Photon detection efficiency (PDE) = QE × ε pixel × ε Geiger Measurements at - Temp = 22.5 C - V bias is tuned to provide 23V, 30V dark rate ~ 1MHz at th = 0.5 p.e. 42V(1710) PDE at ~ 500-550 nm 42V 10-15% 23, 30V 25-33% PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 6 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 6

Dark rate vs threshold 30V 42V 1pe 1pe 2pe 2pe 3pe Th = 0.5 p.e. → dark rate ~ 1MHz Cross talk < 10% PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 7 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 7

Dark rate vs threshold MPPC (400pixels) 6 devices MRS MPPC PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 8 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 8

Parameters vs V bias MPPC MRS APD 42V 40 8 PDE, Cross-talk (%) Dark rate (MHz) 35 7 ~ 25% / V 30 6 PDE Cross-talk 25 5 Dark rate 20 4 15 3 ~ 90% / V 10 2 5 1 0 0 39 40 41 42 43 44 Bias voltage (V) Operational V bias ~ 40.5V Operational Vbias ~ 69.85V PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 9 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 9

Operating voltage MPPC MRS APD Δ V = V bias - V breakdown = a few V Δ V = V bias - V breakdown = ≤ 1 V PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 10 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 10

Temperature dependence MRS APD: 42V, 23V, 30V Signal (p.e.) 2.0 Dark rate (MHz) 24 1.8 22 1.6 20 1.4 18 1.2 16 1.0 14 0.8 12 0.6 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 o o Temperature ( C) Temperature ( C) Dark rate gradient ~ 60kHz/ deg Signal ~ -(2-3)% / deg PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 11 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 11

Temperature dependence MPPC (400 pixels) Dark rate ~ (10-12)kHz/ deg Signal ~ -(6-8)% / deg PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 12 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 12

Recovery time t MRS 42V, 23V, 30V Ratio A 2 (t)/A 2 (1 st off) Second pulse A 2 100 p.e. Amplitude ratio 1.0 1st pulse 50 p.e. 100 p.e. 0.9 42V 300 p.e. 0.8 600 p.e. 0.7 50 p.e. 100 p.e. 0.6 300 p.e. quenching R ~ 20M Ω 600 p.e. 0.5 0.4 0.3 Long recovery time 0.2 3 5 2 4 10 10 10 10 time (ns) PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 13 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 13

T2K readout Readout electronics for POD, ECAL, SMRD, I NGRI D TRI P-t ASI C Spill Structure 4.2µs 4.2µs 5.17µs 3.53s 2 - 3.53s 2 - Bunch Structure 8(15) batches 58ns 58ns 58ns 58ns 58ns 58ns 58ns 58ns 58ns 540ns 540ns 540ns 540ns 540ns 540ns 540ns 540ns Chip Time Structure integration reset separation > 100 nsec separation > 100 nsec A.Weber, RAL ~ 200 ns gate PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 14 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 14

Pulse shape: MRS APD MRS 1710-047 U=51.6 V MRS 30-03 U=32.2 V Small fast component 100 ns No tail 100 ns Long tail - Low gain MRS 23-023 U=25.2 V MRS 1710-032 U=47.7 V (0.2-0.4)x10 6 - Poor single peak resolution 100 ns 100 ns Long tail Long tail PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 15 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 15

Pulse shape: MPPC MPPC 400 pixels V bias = 69.85 V 100 ns PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 16 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 16

LED spectra M. Raymond, Imperial MPPC LED injection LED injection MRS 2.8 μ s MRS 42V 23V PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 17 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 17

Long term stability/ Life time Heat test at 80 o C For 3 years ~ 300 MRS APDs have been tested (~ 220 MRS-42V(1710); 40 MRS-23V, 30V and others) 14 (13 MRS-42V and 1 of an old type) APDs died at I NR 10 400 pixel MPPC’s were tested for about 2 months, 1 - for 0.5 year ALL are alive and show stable parameters PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 18 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 18

SMRD counters μ UA1/ NOMAD magnet will be instrumented with scintillator counters � SMRD SMRD comprises of about 2000 counters → 4000 photosensors Detection of high energy muons from ν interactions Cosmic trigger for TPC calibration Physics requirements: Detection efficiency ~ 100% Dark rate < 1MHz (< 100 kHz for cosmic trigger) Baseline design: - Extruded scintillator (Vladimir, Russia) ~ 90 x 17 x 0.7 cm 3 - Chemical reflector KURARAY Y11, double clad, ∅ 1 mm, - One fiber S-bent, length ~ 2.5 m - 3 mm deep groove - Both end readout PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 19 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 19

SMRD parameters Light yield/ MI P 30 Light yield, p.e./MIP MRS APD 42V Sum of both ends 25 Beam tes: 1.4 GeV/ c pion 20 15 π 10 ADC spectra 5 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 X, mm N V = 38.7 V bias time resolution 300 V = 40.9 V bias 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 ADC (ch) PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 20 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 20

Spatial resolution N x = -406 mm x = 406 mm 300 (a) σ = 104 mm σ = 104 mm x x x = 0 mm 250 σ = 134 mm x 200 150 100 50 Beam test with 1.4 GeV/ c pions -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 x (mm) MRS APD 42V N well separated p.e. peaks 250 (b) x = -406 mm x = 406 mm σ = 324 mm σ = 330 mm x x = 0 mm x 200 σ light yield 15 p.e. = 398 mm x timing ( σ t ) 1.5 – 2.0 ns 150 100 spatial resolution 10-11 cm 50 efficiency (MI P) > 99% -1000 -500 0 500 1000 x (mm) N x = -406 mm 350 (c) x = 406 mm σ = 99 mm x σ = 99 mm x 300 x = 0 mm σ = 124 mm 250 x 200 150 100 50 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 x (mm) PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 21 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 21

SMRD with MPPC S-counter 7mm, cosmic muons, Photosensors: two MPPC’s V bias = 70.0 → l.y. = 31.8 pixels V bias = 69.8V → l.y. = 22.9 pixels PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 22 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 22

Parameters of MRS APD’s and MPPC’s (room temperature) MRS APD (23V/ 30V) MPPC # pixels 556 400 PDE, % 25-32 30-33 Dark rate (th= 0.5pe) MHz 1.0 0.3 Cross talk, % < 10 < 20 Gain (0.3-0.5)x10 6 0.8x10 6 Pulse shape long tale < 50 ns Single p.e. + - OK Recovery time a few μ s ≤ 20 ns Temperature dependence: Signal -(2-3)% / deg -(6-8)% / deg Dark rate 60 kHz/ deg (10-12) kHz/ deg PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 23 PD07, 28 June 2007 Yury Kudenko, INR Moscow 23