Yard Trash Generation Traditional Recycling Rate: 67.3% Total Recycling Rate: 80.7% Standard Recycling Rate: 50.0% 2.09 million tons 2.82 million tons standard recycled traditionally recycled 3.38 million tons total recycled 528,696 tons combusted 528,696 tons combusted 1.57 million tons landfilled 845,859 tons 812,465 tons landfilled landfilled 4.20 Million tons 4.20 Million tons 4.20 Million tons 10/11/2017 32
Recycling R Rates by Category ry 90% 80% 70% 60% Recycling Rate 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Residential Non-Residential C&D Debris Yard Trash Standard Recycling Rate Traditional Recycling Rate Total Recycling Rate 10/11/2017 33
Quantifying Environmental Burdens Life Cycle Assessment Models EPA WARM Model 10/11/2017 34
GHG Emission Factors Metric Tons of Net CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, β¦ CO2 Equivalents (MTCO2E) πππ·π2πΉ πππ πππ‘π’π Mass of Waste 10/11/2017 35
WARM GHG Emission Factors 10/11/2017 36
WARM GHG Energy Factors 10/11/2017 37
Collection and Transportation CO2 Waste Solid Collection and Management Waste Transportation Facility CO2 0.04 πππ·π2πΉ πππ πππ‘π’π Distance 10/11/2017 38
Final Disposition Landfill CO 2 , CH 4 CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O CO2 Thermal Waste Solid Management Waste Facility Biological 10/11/2017 39
Landfilling β’ Construction β’ Equipment Landfill in India CO 2 What about β’ Operation carbon storage? Is all carbon the same? β’ Decomposition β’ Primarily anaerobic C 6 H 10 O 5 + H 2 O ο 3 CH 4 + 3CO 2 Landfill in South America GHG Emit to Capture and Energy Atmosphere Flare Recovery 10/11/2017 40
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Biological Treatment What about β’ Construction Anaerobic Digestion in Canada carbon storage? Is β’ Equipment CO 2 all carbon the same? β’ Operation β’ Composting Composting in Philippines β’ Primarily aerobic process C 6 H 10 O 5 + 6 O 2 ο 6 C0 2 + 5H 2 O Energy Input β’ Anaerobic digestion C 6 H 10 O 5 + H 2 O ο 3 CH 4 + 3CO 2 Energy Output 10/11/2017 42
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Thermal Treatment β’ Construction Excess Air Combustion in Taiwan β’ Equipment CO 2 Is all carbon the same? β’ Operation β’ Excess Air Combustion β’ CO 2 , N 2 O Energy Output Gasification in US β’ Pyrolysis, Gasification β’ Syngas and other products Energy Output (CO, H2, Carbon) Combustion CO 2 , N 2 O Liquid Fuel 10/11/2017 44
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Recycling CO2 CO2 CO 2 , CH 4 CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O CO2 Solid Waste Raw Materials Waste Management Manufacturing Extraction Facility 10/11/2017 46
Recycling CO 2 , CH 4 CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O CO2 CO2 CO2 Solid Waste Raw Materials Waste Management Manufacturing Extraction Facility 10/11/2017 47
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WARM GHG Emission Factors Aluminum Cans for Recycling Cardboard Newspaper Computer Steel Cans PET Plastic HDPE Plastic Glass Asphalt Shingle Drywall 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 GHG Emissions (MTCO2E/ton) 10/11/2017 49
Source Reduction CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O CO 2 , CH 4 CO2 CO2 CO2 Solid Waste Wast Raw Materials Management Manufacturing e Extraction Facility 10/11/2017 50
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Getting to 75% County Case Studies 10/11/2017 52
Opportunities to Apply S SMM Tools and Principles t to Waste Management Decision Making β’ A state or community could use a life cycle model to evaluate priorities for developing regulations or policies β’ Compare different scenarios (e.g., waste to energy versus SSO) to assess which approach provides the overall lower environmental burden. 10/11/2017 53
Sarasota County Case Study Town of City of Sarasota Long Boat Key City of Venice City of North Port 10/11/2017 54
Approaches to 75% Waste to energy (WTE) scenario: Divert 100% of materials landfilled to WTE, this reduces landfill waste by 70%. Mixed waste processing scenario: recover 10% of materials otherwise landfilled in a MWPF. Biosolids and yard trash composting scenario: 100% of all biosolids collected composted with all of the collected yard trash at central county landfill (56% of total collected yard trash in the county). Commercial food waste and yard trash composting scenario : all yard trash collected by county (56% of total collected yard trash in the county) composted with 58% of commercial food waste otherwise landfilled. Food waste anaerobic digestion scenario: Assumed 65% of all food waste otherwise landfilled AD. 10/11/2017 55
GHG Emissions: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios Biosolids and Commerical Organics Mixed Waste Yards Trash Food/Yard Trash Anaerobic 2016 Baseline Processing Waste-to-Energy Composting Composting Digestion 0 -100 -200 -300 Thousand MTCO2E -400 -500 -600 -700 -800 -900 10/11/2017 56
Energy Use: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios Biosolids and Commerical Organics Mixed Waste Yards Trash Food/Yard Trash Anaerobic 2016 Baseline Processing Waste-to-Energy Composting Composting Digestion 0 -1,000 -2,000 Thousand mmBTU -3,000 -4,000 -5,000 -6,000 -7,000 -8,000 10/11/2017 57
Recycling Rates: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios 100% 90% 80% 70% Recycling Rate 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2016 Baseline Mixed Waste Waste-to-Energy Biosolids and Commerical Organics Processing Yards Trash Food/Yard Trash Anaerobic Composting Composting Digestion Traditional Recycling Rate (%) Total Recycling Rate (%) 10/11/2017 58
Palm Beach County Case Study
Approaches to 75% Glass pozzolan processing scenario: 94% of all glass recycled would be processed to become a pozzolan used in concrete manufacture, remaining glass is recycled traditionally. WTE bottom ash recycling scenario: 60% of WTE Ash is used as road base replacing limerock and through advanced metal recovery 2% of the ash is additionally recycled; results in 30% reduction of materials landfilled. WTE bottom ash recycling and glass pozzolan processing scenario: Combines both scenarios. 10/11/2017 60
GHG Emissions: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios Glass Pozzolan BA Recycling and 2016 Baseline Processing BA Recycling GP Processing 0 -5,000 Thousand mmBTU -10,000 -15,000 -20,000 -25,000 10/11/2017 61
Energy Use: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios BA Recycling Glass Pozzolan and GP 2016 Baseline Processing BA Recycling Processing 0 -200 -400 Thousand MTCO2E -600 -800 -1,000 -1,200 -1,400 -1,600 -1,800 10/11/2017 62
Recycling Rates: 2016 Baseline and Scenarios 90% 80% 70% Recycling Rate 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2016 Baseline Glass Pozzolan BA Recycling BA Recycling and Processing GP Processing Traditional Recycling Rate Total Recycling Rate 10/11/2017 63
Getting to 75% State Approaches 10/11/2017 64
State Approaches 10/11/2017 65
Approach 1 Waste-to-Energy (WTE) approach: Increase the capacities of existing WTE in Miami-Dade, Broward, & Pinellas and add new WTE facilities in 11 counties that do not have WTE facilities. 10/11/2017 66
Approach 1 Waste-to-Energy (WTE) approach: The increased capacity results in a target landfill rate of 2.6% in those counties 10/11/2017 67
GHG Emissions: 2016 Baseline and Approaches 2016 Baseline WTE Approach -1.060 -1.070 -1.080 MTCO2E/Person -1.090 -1.100 -1.110 -1.120 -1.130 10/11/2017 68
Energy Use: 2016 Baseline and Approaches 2016 Baseline WTE Approach -11.00 -11.50 -12.00 mmBTU/Person -12.50 -13.00 -13.50 -14.00 10/11/2017 69
Tons per Year 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 500,000 10/11/2017 - Palm Beach Hillsborough Approach 1 Florida MSW Disposal Pinellas Pasco Monroe Lake Brevard Calhoun Walton Duval Landfill Gulf Jackson Martin Washington Waste-to-Energy Orange Volusia County Sarasota Escambia St. Lucie Santa Rosa Okaloosa Okeechobee Nassau Flagler Highlands Gadsden Wakulla Franklin Hardee Glades Madison 70 Dixie Union Lafayette
Statewide Recycling Rate 10/11/2017 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 0% Current Miami-Dade Broward Pinellas Lake Bay Polk Duval Orange Brevard Volusia Seminole Escambia Waste-to-Energy Alternative Manatee Sarasota Collier Marion Santa Rosa Leon Alachua Okeechobee Indian River WTE Renewable Energy Credits St Johns Traditional Recycling Rate Martin Flagler Clay St. Lucie Hernando Suwannee Okaloosa County Highlands Charlotte Osceola Nassau Columbia Sumter Putnam Jackson Citrus DeSoto Levy Gadsden Walton Hardee Wakulla Baker Taylor Bradford Franklin Calhoun Glades Washington Jefferson Hamilton Dixie Gulf Gilchrist Madison Union Liberty Holmes Lafayette 71 Monroe Hendry
100% $800 New Capacity 90% $600 North Florida (0.6 million tpy) 80% $400 70% $200 Statewide Recycling Rate 60% (Millions ) $0 50% -$200 40% New Capacity New Capacity Capacity -$400 30% SW Florida Central Florida Increase (0.7 million (2.2 million tpy) -$600 (3.1 million tpy) 20% tpy) -$800 10% 0% -$1,000 Current Miami- Browar Polk Orange Semino Osceol Brevar Volusia Manate Sarasot Collier Charlot Pinellas Duval Dade d le a d e a te Renewable Energy 12.00% 14.35% 16.48% 16.72% 17.60% 18.50% 19.14% 19.64% 19.78% 20.40% 20.99% 21.33% 21.68% 21.94% 22.08% Traditional 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% Cumulative Cost $124,3 $237,2 $250,1 $296,7 $344,5 $378,1 $404,7 $411,9 $445,0 $476,0 $494,4 $512,5 $526,6 $533,9 Cost per ton $81 Cost per percentage point $53 million 10/11/2017 72
Approach 2 Mixed Waste Processing (MWP) approach: Increase the residential recycling rate to 55.7% and the non-residential recycling rate to 47.6% for 13 counties. 10/11/2017 73
Approach 2 Mixed Waste Processing (MWP) approach: Residential 55.7% target includes: β’ Single Stream MWP in conjunction with current curbside recycling β’ Organics Composting Non-Residential 47.6% target includes: β’ Single Stream MWP β’ Organics Composting 10/11/2017 74
GHG Emissions: 2016 Baseline and Approaches 2016 Baseline MWP Approach 0 -0.2 -0.4 MTCO2E/Person -0.6 -0.8 -1 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 10/11/2017 75
Energy Use: 2016 Baseline and Approaches 2016 Baseline MWP Approach 0.00 -2.00 -4.00 mmBTU/Person -6.00 -8.00 -10.00 -12.00 -14.00 -16.00 10/11/2017 76
Total Recycling Rate 100.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 0.0% 10/11/2017 Current Miami-Dade Broward Pinellas Palm Beach Brevard Polk Volusia Seminole Escambia Santa Rosa Mixed Waste Processing Alternative Sarasota Levy Hillsborough Collier Orange Marion Lake Alachua Flagler Clay Suwannee Highlands Bay Leon Hernando Charlotte Okaloosa St Johns Martin Indian River Nassau Counties Osceola Jackson Pasco Sumter Columbia Lee Okeechobee Monroe DeSoto Walton Hardee Calhoun Glades Manatee Taylor Baker Putnam Citrus Wakulla Franklin Washington Jefferson Bradford Gadsden Gulf Dixie Union Hamilton Gilchrist Liberty Lafayette Holmes Hendry Madison Duval St. Lucie $(800,000,000) $(600,000,000) $(400,000,000) $(200,000,000) $- $200,000,000 $400,000,000 $600,000,000 77 Cumulatie Cost ($)
Mixed Waste Processing Alternative 100% $400,000,000 90% $300,000,000 80% $200,000,000 70% $100,000,000 8.4% 60% 7.8% 8.0% 8.1% 8.3% 7.3% 7.6% 6.5% 7.0% 6.1% 5.5% 4.9% 2.7% $- 50% $(100,000,000) 40% $(200,000,000) 30% $(300,000,000) 20% $(400,000,000) 10% 0% $(500,000,000) Cost per ton $35 Cost per percentage point $37 million 10/11/2017 78
Approach 3 Traditional Recycling 10/11/2017 79
Traditional Recycling Mass (tons) 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 10/11/2017 0 Miami-Dade County Palm Beach County Hillsborough County Orange County Broward County Pinellas County Duval County Brevard County Lee County Collier County Sarasota County Volusia County 59% Weighted Avg Total Recycling Rate 22% 43% Weighted Avg Standard Recycling Rate 16% 97% 92% Collected Waste Mass 8% 30 # Counties Manatee County Charlotte County Polk County Traditional Recycling (2016) Pasco County Alachua County Escambia County Traditional Recycling Mass St. Lucie County Leon County Indian River County Monroe County Marion County Martin County Bay County Seminole County Sumter County St. Johns County Putnam County Citrus County Lake County County Hernando County Clay County Osceola County Okaloosa County Santa Rosa County Nassau County Hendry County Desoto County Columbia County Highlands County Flagler County Suwanne County Walton County 3% 37 Okeechobee County Wakulla County Gadsden County Bradford County Franklin County Jackson County Madison County Taylor County Levy County Baker County Washington County Hamilton County Calhoun County Hardee County Gilchrist County Holmes County Recycling Center Gulf County Union County 80 Jefferson County Glades County Liberty County Lafayette County Dixie County
Traditional Recycling Mass (tons) 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 10/11/2017 0 Miami-Dade County Palm Beach County Hillsborough County Orange County Broward County Pinellas County Duval County Brevard County Lee County Collier County Sarasota County Volusia County 59% Weighted Avg Total Recycling Rate 49% 43% Weighted Avg Standard Recycling Rate 43% (270% Increase) 95% 30 # Counties 37 Manatee County Charlotte County Polk County Pasco County Traditional Recycling (2016) Statewide Recycling Rate Increase = 2% Alachua County Escambia County Traditional Recycling Mass St. Lucie County Leon County Indian River County Monroe County Marion County Martin County Bay County Seminole County Sumter County St. Johns County Putnam County Citrus County Lake County County Hernando County Clay County Osceola County Okaloosa County Santa Rosa County Nassau County Hendry County Desoto County Columbia County Highlands County Flagler County 5% Suwanne County Walton County Okeechobee County Wakulla County Gadsden County Bradford County Franklin County Jackson County Madison County Taylor County Levy County Baker County Washington County Hamilton County Calhoun County Hardee County Gilchrist County Holmes County Recycling Center Gulf County 81 Union County Jefferson County Glades County Liberty County Lafayette County Dixie County
Alternative Approaches to a 75% Recycling Rate 10/11/2017 82
Where we left offβ¦ β’ January 10, 2017 β’ We discussed an approach to track Floridaβs waste management progress using measurements other than a weight-based recycling rate. Net CO 2 Emissions WARM Emission and and Net Energy Use Energy Factors 10/11/2017 83
Approach Since the statute was passed in 2008, letβs set this as our baseline year. Originally in that year Florida had a recycling rate of ~29%. Recycling Rate (% Weight) 29% 2008 Measured 10/11/2017 84
Then we come up with a hypothetical waste management Approach scenario that reached 75% in 2008. We will use this to set the threshold the state will aspire to. 75% Recycling Rate (% Weight) 29% 2008 2008 Hypothetical Measured 10/11/2017 85
Use this hypothetical 75% recycling scenario, calculate a corresponding Approach GHG emission and energy use values/footprints (with WARM factors) 75% Recycling Rate (% Weight) 2008 Hypothetical 10/11/2017 86
Calculate a βbaselineβ GHG footprint Approach 75% GHG Recycling Emissions Rate (MTCO2E) (% Weight) -XXX MTCO2E 2008 Hypothetical 10/11/2017 87
Calculate a βbaselineβ energy footprint Approach 75% Energy Recycling Use Rate (MMBTU) (% Weight) -YYY MMBTU 2008 Hypothetical 10/11/2017 88
2015 42% Traditional 54% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/2017 89
Constructed and operated WTE facilities in Orange and Duval Counties 42% Traditional 59% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/2017 90
Established a Bottle Bill and Recycled 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, and Plastic Bottles 44.9% Traditional 56.6% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/2017 91
Recycle 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, Plastic Bottles, Newspaper, Cardboard and Office Paper 51.4% Traditional 63.0% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/2017 92
Food Waste Recycling (composting) to 80% 47.0% Traditional 57.7% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/2017 93
Recycle 80% of C&D and Yard Trash 52.4% Traditional 64.1% Adjusted Target = -26 million MTCO2E 10/11/2017 94
Target = -26 million MTCO2E Recycle 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, Plastic Bottles, Newspaper, Cardboard, Office Paper, Yard Trash, C&D and Food Waste 66.0% Traditional 76.7% Adjusted 10/11/2017 95
2015 42% Traditional 54% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmBTU 10/11/2017 96
Constructed and operated WTE facilities in Orange and Duval Counties 42% Traditional 59% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmBTU 10/11/2017 97
Established a Bottle Bill and Recycled 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, and Plastic Bottles 44.9% Traditional 56.6% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmBTU 10/11/2017 98
Recycle 80% of Glass, Aluminum Cans, Plastic Bottles, Newspaper, Cardboard and Office Paper 51.4% Traditional 63.0% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmBTU 10/11/2017 99
Food Waste Recycling (composting) to 80% 47.0% Traditional 57.7% Adjusted Target = -275 million mmBTU 10/11/2017 100
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