Space: Space: System Architecture System Architecture vs Optimization vs Optimization Vladimir Grebenyuk Raytheon Canada Limited
Space: The Space: The First Steps First Steps � October 4,1957 � April 12, 1961 � July 20, 1969 � April 12, 1981 � May 15, 1987 � Nov. 15, 1988 � … 2003 ? Vladimir Grebenyuk
1957 1957 � Sputnik � Sputnik 2 � Vanguard Vladimir Grebenyuk
1958 1958 Sputnik 3 � Sputnik � Sputnik 2 � Vanguard failure � Second Vanguard � Explorer 1 Vladimir Grebenyuk
The Race The Race � “Our Germans versus their Germans” ? Vladimir Grebenyuk
System Architecture - - Divide & Conquer Divide & Conquer System Architecture
Vladimir Grebenyuk Glider: Decomposition of the Form Glider Fuselage Wing Stabilizer ... Body Cockpit Landing Gear Vertical Horizontal stabilizer stabilizer Pilot Seating Front gear Rear gear Frame Fin Fixed Wheel Controls Rudder Elevator Shell Wheel Well Instruments Well Lid Windshield Retracting mechanism
Decomposition and Structural Model of the Client-Server code Client-Server import java.net.*; import java.io.*; public class KnockKnockServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket serverSocket = null; try { Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 Block 6 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(4444); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Could not listen on port: 4444."); System.exit(1); } Socket clientSocket = null; S tru ctu ral S tru ctu ral R ela tio n s try { E le m en t clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); } catch (IOException e) { B lo ck 1 Is lo ca te d in th e b e g in n in g o f th e c o d e System.err.println("Accept failed."); System.exit(1); } B lo ck 2 F o llo w s B lo ck 1 an d p rece d e s B lo c k 3 PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( clientSocket.getInputStream())); B lo ck 3 F o llo w s B lo ck 2 an d p rece d e s B lo c k 4 String inputLine, outputLine; KnockKnockProtocol kkp = new KnockKnockProtocol(); outputLine = kkp.processInput(null); F o llo w s B lo ck 3 an d p rece d e s B lo c k 5 B lo ck 4 out.println(outputLine); while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) { outputLine = kkp.processInput(inputLine); F o llo w s B lo ck 4 an d p rece d e s B lo c k 6 B lo ck 5 out.println(outputLine); if (outputLine.equals("Bye.")) break; } out.close(); F o llo w s B lo ck 5 – en d s th e co d e B lo ck 6 in.close(); clientSocket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } }
Vladimir Grebenyuk Glider: Structural Model Glider Wing Fuselage Stabilizer Body Cockpit Landing Gear Vertical Horizontal stabilizer stabilizer Rear gear Front gear Rudder Fin Shell Frame Shell Frame Longitudinal Lateral Longitudinal Lateral element element element element
Vladimir Grebenyuk From Function to Form through Concept From Function to Form through Concept Form Function Concept
Vladimir Grebenyuk Glider: Zoom in Layer 1 Wing External Ailerons Flaps ... Internal Surface Structure Roll Control Structural Support Creating Flying Lift Lift
Vladimir Grebenyuk Wing: Emergence of the External Function Wing Flying External Surface - Flow Velocity + Air Flow Air Pressure Upper Surface Creating Lift ! ! Airfoil Differential Pressure Lower Surface - Air Flow + Air Pressure Flow Velocity
Vladimir Grebenyuk Concepts (Patterns) in the Design High-level concept travel in the air Mid-level concepts lighter than air heavier than air wingless The Glider motored moving wing Instantiation motorless glider Class fixed wing Lower-level concepts hang glider
Vladimir Grebenyuk Concepts (Patterns) in the Design High-level concept NAVIGATION Mid-level concepts radio celestial inertial astrolabe Specializes quadrant into sextant The Sextant Class Lower-level concepts Instantiation
Vladimir Grebenyuk System Architecture - - A Holistic Approach A Holistic Approach System Architecture
Vladimir Grebenyuk Automated ATM System Architecture Automated ATM System Architecture ATMS Reference Architecture Navigation Cluster Surveillance Cluster ♦ radar data input ♦ plot filtering ♦ tracking Flight ♦ radar weather ♦ RT quality control ♦ ADS/B ♦ flight plan ATC Cluster ♦ clearance ♦ trajectory profile Flight Management Tools Traffic Management Tools
Vladimir Grebenyuk CNC/ATM Influencers CNC/ATM Influencers Industry Free Flight Level VTOL Airspace Avionics Radars System Hardware Level Navaids ? Middleware ATMS ATMS GPS Software ADS-B Domain TCAS CPDLC Level
Vladimir Grebenyuk CNS/ATM - - High High- -Level View Level View CNS/ATM Legal National Economy Competition Society Technology ATC Agency Workforce Beneficiaries COMMS Regulations CNS/ATM CPDLC Security ATMS GPS Needs: & ATC-Sim RDPS NAVAIDS Trainees Product Air Traffic RCL-RF Environment Developing Environment Shareholder
Vladimir Grebenyuk CNS/ATM - - Holistic Framework Holistic Framework CNS/ATM International Relationships Intellectual Property National Economy Legal Global Economy Competition Agency Society Customers Technology COMMS Workforce CNS/ATM CPDLC Regulations ATMS Needs & GPS Security ATC-Sim RDPS Product NAVAIDS Training Enterprise Developing Air Traffic Environment Shareholder Nature General Public
Vladimir Grebenyuk The Final Frontier The Final Frontier
Comparative technical specification: Comparative technical specification: Space Shuttle Energia Energia- -Buran Buran Space Shuttle � Total structure (kg) 123,000 105,000 � Max payload (kg) 25,000 30,000 � Length (m) 37,25 36.37 � Wingspan (m) 23.80 23.92 � Cargo bay (m) 18.3x4.6 18.6x4.7 � Orbit engine thrust (kgf) 15,078 14,866 � Orbit engine impulse (s) 5,440 17,600 � Maximal orbit (km) 220 450 � Automatic landing No Yes � Non-orbiter payload (kg) n/a 103,000
1959 1959 1968 1968
Buran-Energia
The Carrier The Carrier
ENERGIA ENERGIA ”Pure Energy” ”Pure Energy” May 15, 1987
Vladimir Grebenyuk Flight Flight � Stages Vladimir Grebenyuk
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Race to the Moon: the Start Race to the Moon: the Start Vladimir Grebenyuk
Vladimir Grebenyuk
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Is There Place For Optimization ? Is There Place For Optimization ?
Problem Setting Problem Setting � Antenna, installed on a moving vessel, does not allow use of a fixed orientation. � Moving water under the vessel also makes it impossible to use a rigid tracking algorithm (i.e. one with no feedback loop). Grebenyuk-4
Tracking Phase Tracking Phase � Tracking is performed in a “quasi- rectangular” pattern. Grebenyuk-7
‘Star’ Track ‘Star’ Track � One can expect further improvement with an attempt to approach the source of the signal even closer, or even intercept it. � This approach proved to be correct. � Antenna moves in a ‘star’-like pattern. Grebenyuk-14
Analysis Analysis � These results can be 18 explained by looking at the 16 b radio-signal distribution 14 diagram. a 12 � The higher the area we 10 are working in, the flatter 8 the signal level. 6 � “a” is an area of 4 the rectangular track 2 � “b” is an area of the 0 ‘star’ track -10 -5 0 5 10 Grebenyuk-16
The Perfect Blend The Perfect Blend
Galileo Galileo � mid-1970s: Jupiter Orbiter Probe study � 1977: mission approved by NASA � 1982: planned launch � January 1986: planned shuttle launch (direct to Jupiter) � October 18, 1989: launch from Atlantis
Conclusion … System Architecture • should be flexible enough to accommodate optimization of the local parameters Optimization • should serve as a tool to implement architectural ideas The perfect blend of System Approach and Optimization
The Sources : The Sources : Books: Websites : Rechtin, E. Systems Architecting: http://www.iki.rssi.ru � Creating and Building Complex http://www.space.hobby.ru � Systems. Prentice-Hall, 1991 http://www.russianspaceweb.com � Rechtin, E. and Maier, M. http://history.msfc.nasa.gov The Art of Systems Architecting. � CRC Press, 1996 http://www.nasa.gov � Rechtin, E. Systems Architecting of http://www.jpl.nasa.gov � Organizations: Why Eagles Can’t http://www.thespacereview.com � Swim. CRC Press, 2000 http://www.systemsguild.com � Schefter, James. Space Race. http://www.mit.edu � CRC Press, 2001
Thank You ! ! Thank You Vladimir Grebenyuk Software Technical Authority Raytheon Canada Limited 2003 Air Defense Systems 1996 - 2002 Air Traffic Management /ATC Sim 1994 - 1995 Satellite Telecommunication 1983 - 1993 Energia-Buran Space System 1980 - 1982 Aerodynamic Research Laboratory 1980 Master of Aeronautical Eng., Kharkiv Aviation Institute, Ukraine
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