CERN Nine months at the European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden Rüdiger Schmidt With material from Mats Lindroos Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 1
Why ESS? CERN Why neutron scattering ? ● Neutron scattering can be applied to a range of scientific questions, in physics, chemistry, geology, biology, engineering and medicine. ● With a neutron tool kit, we can probe the structure and dynamics of materials over a wide range of length- and time-scales life science, • soft condensed matter research, • • chemistry of materials, • energy research, • magnetic and electronic phenomena, engineering materials and geosciences, • archaeology and heritage conservation, • • fundamental and particle physics. Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 2
Example of using neutrons for archaeology CERN 2012-amphore-photo Proto-Corinthian ceramic vase dated to about 700 – 600 B.C. 2012-amphore X-rays Radiography: ANTARES@ FRM II Neutron Tomography: PGAA @ FRM II Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 3
Neutrons are good for …… CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 4
ESS has a long history…… CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 5
….and requires very slow neutrons CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 6
5 MW seems to be a natural constant CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 7
ESS - Bridging the neutron gap CERN 10 20 ESS SNS J- Effective thermal neutron flux n/cm 2 -s PARC ISIS ILL HFIR NRU MTR 10 15 NRX ZINP-P / IPNS HFBR FRM-II WNR KENS X-10 SINQ 10 10 ZINP-P CP-2 CP-1 10 5 Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron Steady State Sources 350 mCi Ra-Be source Pulsed Sources 1 Chadwick 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 (Updated from Neutron Scattering , K. Skold and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986) Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 8
ESS at Lund CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 9
ESS at Lund CERN 35 min from Kastrup 2 h from Geneva Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 10
If you do not like rain, go to Lund…. CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 11
Moving around in Lund CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 12
Moving around in Lund CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 13
Recipe for a Spallation Source CERN ● Accelerate many many many protons to 1 – 2 GeV Proton beam power of several MW, 1.5 * 10 16 protons / second • ● Send the protons to a metal (tungsten) target 1 GeV proton => about 20 Neutrons • ● Slow the neutrons down to thermal energies Watch out – do not mix meV and MeV • ● Send them through (curved) guides to the experiments ● Have an experiment (instrument) to use the neutrons Single-Crystal Diffractometer (TOPAZ) Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 14
ESS Linac CERN 352.21 MHz 704.42 MHz 2.4 m 4.5 m 3.6 m 40 m 54 m 75 m 174 m Medium β High β Source LEBT RFQ MEBT DTL Spokes Target HEBT & Contingency 75 keV 3.6 MeV 90 MeV 220 MeV 570 MeV 2000 MeV βg Energy (MeV) No. of Modules No. of Cavities Temp (K) Cryo Length (m) – – 0.075 1 0 ~300 Source – – – 0.075 0 ~300 LEBT – – 3.6 1 1 ~300 RFQ – – – MEBT 3.6 3 ~300 – – DTL 90 5 5 ~300 Spoke 220 13 2 (2S) × 13 0.5 β opt ~2 4.14 Medium β 570 9 4 (6C) × 9 0.67 ~2 8.28 High β 2000 21 4 (5C) × 21 0.86 ~2 8.28 – – – HEBT 2000 0 ~300 Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 15
Site Plan CERN ~600 m Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 16
CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 17
A research center for Europe CERN Science village Scandina via Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 18
ESS office buildings CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 19
ESS site ….today CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 20
Artist view of ESS and MAX IV ….tomorrow CERN MAX IV Science village ESS ESS Target Instruments building ESS linac Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 21
Example of a (small) target: ISIS target hall CERN Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 22
ESSS: some numbers CERN ● Staff number at ESS: today about 200, expected to increase to 450-500 when operating ● Start of operation (first protons on target) planned for 2019 ● Projected lifetime: 40 years Not a ● Operation budget per year: 140 M € typo ● The construction budget for ESS is 1843 M € • Accelerator: 510 M € Target station: 150 M € • Infrastructure: 520 M € • Controls etc.: 70 M € • • N Instruments: 350 M € • Others: administration, licencing, energy, … Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 23
ESS specific CERN ● ESS is an emerging research laboratory with (still) very limited capacity in-house ● Collaborative projects: Work in a collaboration where the scope of the project can be set by the total capacity (distributed) of the partners ● The accelerator part of the project well suited for this as this community has a strong tradition of open collaboration (XFEL, FAIR, CERN, e.g.LINAC4, European commission framework programs such as EUCARD and TIARA, EURISOL,...) ● To keep cost down and to optimize schedule this requires that investments in required infrastructure is done at the partner with best capacity to deliver Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 24
Prototyping the ESS accelerator CERN Søren Pape Møller Sebastien Bousson Roger Ruber Pierre Bosland Anders J Johansson CERN The National Center for Nuclear Research, Swierk Roger Barlow Ibon Bustinduy Santo Gammino Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 25
Transition from construction to operation CERN ESS Operations can be divided into three distinct phases: • Initial Operations Phase (2019 – 2022, 4 years) – Includes one year of activities to produce first neutrons (2019) and three years of activities to improve accelerator performance and to commission instruments (experiments by friendly users); • Initial User Program Operations (2023 – 2025, 3 years) – Includes support necessary for reliable operations with public users and provides the basis for future cost sharing; and, • User Program Operations (Beginning in 2026 – ) – Routine operations including the completion and commissioning of the final 22 public instruments. Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 26
Scope contingency for 5 MW CERN accelerator We plan for delivering a 5 MW accelerator • • The scope contingency for the accelerator is beam power. The purchasing of power supplies and RF sources necessary to go from 2.5 to 5 MW will be scheduled discretely. These purchases will be authorized after the financial requirements for delivering 2.5 MW of beam power are secure. Each 7 M € reduction decrease energy by 70 MeV (=175 kW at • 62.5 mA) Scope 352.21 MHz 704.42 MHz conting 2.4 m 4.5 m 3.6 m 40 m 54 m 75 m 174 m ency 100 M € Medium β High β Source LEBT RFQ MEBT DTL Spokes Target HEBT & Contingency CM and RF 75 keV 3.6 MeV 90 MeV 220 MeV 570 MeV 2000 MeV sources Rüdiger Schmidt Nine months at ESS page 27
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