Solid State Batteries for Medical Devices and Sensors Denis Pasero, Product Commercialisation Manager Medical Battery Conference 17 Nov 2017 Düsseldorf, Germany
Presentation structure 1. Introduction 2. Challenges for Powering Medical Devices 3. Energy Solutions 4. Charging Solutions and Energy Harvesting 5. Stereax Solid State Batteries 17/11/17 Page 2 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Introduction to Ilika Ilika’s unique ability to rapidly Innovation in Solid State discover new materials for the Batteries used in many energy and electronics sectors applications Creat ated ed Medi edical cal Intern nternet t of Things ings Harsh h Envir ironmen ments ts 17/11/17 Page 3 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
IoT healthcare/medical market Gro rowing ng Mark rket Global IoT devices in Global IoT healthcare healthcare sector investment $410M 161M By 2022 1 by 2020 1 Stream St am of FDA appro roval als Segme gmenta ntati tion 1 – Business Insider 2 – Grand View Research 3 – Data Bridge Market Research 4 – SATPR News 5 – Star Tribune 17/11/17 Page 4 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Powering the Wireless Body Area Networks Epidermal electronic patches (vital body signs) Drug Delivery Implantable devices Cardiac Fluid flow Neuro-stimulators Parkinson’s disease Essential tremor Dystonia Chronic Pain OCD Opthalmic Smart contact lenses Cataract correction, glucose monitoring Orthodontics 17/11/17 Page 5 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
2 - Challenges for Powering Medical Devices 17/11/17 Page 6 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Challenges for powering medical sensors Small- size unobtrusive, “invisible”, beacons for hard-to-reach places. Long life Reliability Safety, biocompatibility Low self-discharge for extended storage Let’s discuss these challenges in relation to use cases 17/11/17 Page 7 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Specific challenges: size and form factor Trends towards miniaturisation. Unobtrusive devices. Device shape & size dominated by battery, or custom solutions. 17/11/17 Page 8 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Specific challenges: energy Depends on use & available charging source or harvested energy “Accumulated Energy” = Capacity for one cycle x number of cycles Primary Secondary + Small size (0.1 cm 3 ) - Large size (10cm 3 ) + Lower cost - Larger cost - Lower capacity + Large capacity (250 m Ah) (10 mAh) - Need charging or EH + No need for charging 17/11/17 Page 9 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Specific challenge: power Send Fixed Values Send Sensor r Data Send/Rc Rcv Data & Ctrl User Interactive Implantable Medical Devices Market Segments Medical Ind. WSN – LoRa Industrial Wearable Devices Consumer/Retail Metering & Smart Grid Sensors/Display Device Complexity Ind. Tags/RTLS Medical Patches/Monitors Body-Worn Sensors WSN- Wi-Fi/ZigBee Fitness Patches Active Tags BLE Sensors BLE Beacons Semi-Active Tags Smart Cards Passive Tags Power Usage ge 17/11/17 Page 10 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Specific challenge: operational life Use case: disposable sensing device Example: lenses, patches Requirements for few days or weeks Or single discharge Small primary coin ~mAh Small SSB ~mAh Study 2017: device explantation and subsequent re-implantation after Use case: implantable infection clearance was USD 75,505 1 Cost of deplantation Risk of complications, infection or death Life to 15 years and beyond desired Typical power consumption ~ 5-10 m W Large primary Small secondary +EH ~Ah ~mAh 5-10,000 cycles 1. https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/457964: Chen T. · Mirzadeh Z. · Lambert M. · Gonzalez O. · Moran A. · Shetter A.G. · Ponce F.A.; 17/11/17 Page 11 Departments of a Neurosurgery & b Infectious Disease, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital & Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Specific challenge: storage Buffer devices lose energy via leakage current In-between intermittent current supply from EH SSB: 99.9% efficiency Indoors : 20 m W/cm 2 Coin cells, supercaps: 80% efficiency During unused periods in storage 6 months in storage SSB: lose only 5 m Ah Other leakage current contribution: Leaka kage e Yearl rly curren urrent t leve level lo loss Communications Solid state 10 m Ah 1nA batteries Sensors 100 m Ah 10nA Pulse caps MCU sleep mode 100nA 1mAh PMIC PMIC Supercaps, 1 m A 10mAh coin cells 17/11/17 Page 12 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Specific challenge: cost Cost of energy buffer needs to reflect cost of device Typical ical cost st $ Caps 0.1 Solid state battery 0.2 – 5.0 Coin cells 0.2 External patch battery 0.5 Pace maker battery 40 Cylindrical medical 150 - 200 implant battery 17/11/17 Page 13 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
3 - Energy Solutions 17/11/17 Page 14 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Energy solutions: energy storage devices Li/CF x , Li/MnO 2 , Li/SOCl 2 , Zn air Single discharge Primary Large capacity to Ah Larger size than secondary, prismatic, D-shaped, batteries Cylindrical Highly packaged Eagle Picher Li-metal oxide Secondary 500-1000 cycles batteries 10 years life To 100s mAh Smaller size than primary, highly packaged Quallion Primary or secondary Gel/Polymer electrolyte Li polymer Footprint cm 2 Thin, Flexible Higher cost-to-energy ratio than lithium-ion Rechargeable via EH Intrinsically safe Solid State Low leakage current Batteries Many cycles >5000 Small footprint (mm), ultra thin (<1mm) Can be integrated with other IC Electric Double Layer Supercaps Very small (mm) (battery- Many cycles (>100,000) High power free) Low energy density 17/11/17 Page 15 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Energy storage options Conventional Supercapacitors Stereax Solid State Li-ion Batteries Temperature range Trickle-charging/ Low Leakage Fast Charging Ultra-compact Safety Profile Capacity Power 17/11/17 Page 16 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
4 - Charging Solutions and Energy Harvesting 17/11/17 Page 17 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Charging solutions: wireless Requirements: Safe to the body Fast enough charging time to reduce inconvenience High transmitted power Size of receiver / coil should be small Magnetic resonance charging Witricity RF Energy harvesting: Drayson Technologies 17/11/17 Page 18 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Charging solutions: energy harvesting “Traditional” energy sources not widely available for medical devices, particularly implantable devices 17/11/17 Page 19 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Charging solutions: energy harvesting Battery-less Cardiac pacemakers powered by piezoelectric energy harvested from heartbeat CEA-LETI Target: Down to 1 cm 3 Output power : 10 m W Frequency: 1 – 3 Hz Leadless http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1280031 pacemaker Electrostatic conversion for vibration energy harvesting, S. Boisseau, G. Despesse, B. Ahmed Seddik, Small-scale Energy Harvesting, Intech, 2012 17/11/17 Page 20 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Charging solutions: energy harvesting Thermo- electric “Body Pump” Miniature thermoelectric generators (TEGs) Produce energy from the temperature differential between the skin and the outside air – Seebeck effect. Next xtrem reme The herm rmal al Solutio lutions* s* The HV56 is capable of producing 1.5mW of output power and an open circuit voltage of 0.25V at a 10K gradient in a footprint of only 11mm 2 http://www.tec-microsystems.com/EN/Thermoelectric_Generators.html * http://www.power-eetimes.com/en/miniature-thermoelectric-power-generator-delivers-up-to-1.5-mw-from-a-10k-temperature-gradient.html?cmp_id=7&news_id=222901772 17/11/17 Page 21 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Charging solutions: energy harvesting Solar energy Cymbet Non-Cytotoxic Rechargeable Batteries for Medical Devices. Intra Ocular Pressure Sensor with University of Michigan: 1 m Ah Image source: ISSCC 2011 A Cubic-Millimeter Energy-Autonomous Wireless Intraocular Pressure Monitor Gregory Chen, Hassan Ghaed, Razi-ul Haque, Michael Wieckowski, Yejoong Kim, Gyouho Kim, David Fick, Daeyeon Kim, Mingoo Seok, Kensall Wise, David Blaauw, Dennis Sylvester, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 17/11/17 Page 22 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
Charging solutions: energy harvesting Biological batteries MIT: glucose fuel-cell to power neural implants. Fuel cell operates by stripping electrons from glucose molecules to create a small electric current: Brain implants with spinal cord injuries or strokes Pain control (Parkinson’s disease) 1 - 2mm 2 180uW/cm 2 peak 3.4uW/cm 2 steady state http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1332250 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038436 17/11/17 Page 23 Medical Battery Conference – Nov 17
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