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Smoking the Locky Ransomware Code Floser Bacurio Jr and Rommel Joven - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Locky Strike: Smoking the Locky Ransomware Code Floser Bacurio Jr and Rommel Joven Anti-Virus Analysts, FortiGuard Lion Team September 1, 2017 1 Cryptowall 2 This one? 3 Prevalence: Global ransomware Global Ransomware IPS Hits - February

  1. Locky Strike: Smoking the Locky Ransomware Code Floser Bacurio Jr and Rommel Joven Anti-Virus Analysts, FortiGuard Lion Team September 1, 2017 1

  2. Cryptowall 2

  3. This one? 3

  4. Prevalence: Global ransomware Global Ransomware IPS Hits - February 19 to September 15 2016 50.00% 45.00% 40.00% 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% CryptoWall Locky Cerber TorrentLocker CryptXXX Series1 45.53% 45.13% 8.93% 0.35% 0.06% 4

  5. Prevalence: Top countries Locky Ransomware IPS Hits – Locky-est February 19 to September 15 2016 US 11,858,085 FR 6,959,892 Total Hits: 36,314,789 JP 3,071,596 KW 2,732,454 TW 1,338,216 AR 970,339 CL 890,784 PR 709,372 IT 556,602 IL 540,992 5

  6. Prevalence: Affiliate program The following is a list of affiliate methods that have been observed: affid Method 1 Spam email containing an attached JavaScript, MS Office Macro downloader or Windows Script File 3 Spam email containing an attached JavaScript or Microsoft Office Macro downloader 5 Spam email containing an attached JavaScript downloader 13 Compromised sites that redirects to Nuclear or Neutrino Exploit Kit 15 Spam email containing an attached JavaScript or HTA downloader 6

  7. Locky Developments 7

  8. Timeline of Developments: 2016 8

  9. Timeline of Developments: 2016  No packer  “ Locky ” registry key  Configuration: { AffiliateID; ccservers; } 9

  10. Timeline of Developments: 2016  Packed  Registry key based on VolumeGUID  Configuration(encrypted): { AffiliateID; DGASeed; delaySeconds; FakeSvchost; Persistence; IgnoreRussian; ccServers; 10 }

  11. Timeline of Developments: 2016  Encrypted HTTP communication  Configuration: { AffiliateID; DGASeed; delaySeconds; FakeSvchost; Persistence; IgnoreRussian; urlPath; ccServers; 11 }

  12. Timeline of Developments: 2016  New URI used  Encrypted HTTP POST data is now encoded using percent encoding 12

  13. Timeline of Developments: 2016  Requires argument. (e.g “123”, “321”) 13

  14. Timeline of Developments: 2016 14

  15. Timeline of Developments: 2016  Offline Mode encryption 15

  16. Timeline of Developments: 2016 16

  17. Timeline of Developments: 2016 17

  18. Technical Analysis 18

  19. Configuration Autorun: 01 Skip: 00 Drop svchost.exe : 01 Check RU: 01 Skip: 00 Skip: 00 Delay(Sleep) C&C offset DGA Seed Affiliate ID 19

  20. Configuration URI for its C&C C&Cs • • main.php /upload/_dispatch.php • • submit.php /php/upload.php • • userinfo.php /data/info.php • • access.cgi /apache_handler.php 20

  21. Configuration 21

  22. Configuration: Offline Online mode No C&C offset No DGA Seed Offline mode Offline mode No C&Cs and URI 22

  23. Configuration: Offline Offline mode Embedded Public RSA key 23

  24. Configuration: Offline Embedded Ransom Text Embedded HTML Ransom Text 24

  25. Victim ID: Online Locky creates a victim ID that needs to identify unique systems. The victim ID is created from the following information: • Volume GUID of the WindowsDirectory • MD5 hash of the GUID value e.g. victim_ID = 4DF383039AB03953 25

  26. Victim ID: Offline The victim ID is created from the following information: • GUID of the WindowsDirectory • Default UI Language • OS version • Domain Controller • Affiliate ID from the configuration • Public key ID from the configuration Encodes it using a hard coded 32 character value: “ YBNDRFG8EJKMCPQX0T1UWISZA345H769 ”. e.g. victim_ID = IZ8FDGTNEN85I7JZ 26

  27. C&C Communication 27

  28. Communication Protocol: C&C Connect to YES NO Hardcoded IP Start Http Use DGA to POST connect to C&C Request 28

  29. Communication Protocol: Data Format: Key = value ; Uses & as its delimiter id =4DF383039AB03953& act =getkey& affid =5& lang =en& corp =0=& serv =0& os =Windows+XP& sp =3& x64 =0 29

  30. Communication Protocol: Data Architecture 0: x86 Format: Key = value ; Uses & as its delimiter 1: x64 0: not member or a domain 1: member of a domain Service Pack 2: primary domain controller id =4DF383039AB03953& act =getkey& affid =5& lang =en& corp =0=& serv =0& os =Windows+XP& sp =3& x64 =0 Victim ID Operating System Language getkey 0: not server Affiliate ID gettext 1: server gethtml stats 30

  31. Communication Protocol: Http request Victim C&C 31

  32. File Encryption 32

  33. File Encryption: Targeted drives • Drive_Removable • Drive_Fixed • Drive_Remote • Drive_Ramdisk 33

  34. File Encryption: Targeted extensions Total of 194 file extensions: .n64, .m4a, .m4u, .m3u, .mid, .wma, .flv, .3g2, .mkv, .3gp, .mp4, .mov, .avi, .asf, .mpeg, .vob, .mpg, .wmv, .fla, .swf, .wav, .mp3, .qcow2, .vdi, .vmdk, .vmx, . wallet , .upk, .sav, .re4, .ltx, .litesql, .litemod, .lbf, .iwi, .forge, .das, .d3dbsp, .bsa, .bik, .asset, .apk, .gpg, .aes, .ARC, .PAQ, .tar, .bz2, .tbk, .bak, .tar, .tgz, .gz, .7z, .rar, .zip, .djv, .djvu, .svg, .bmp, .png, .gif, .raw, .cgm, .jpeg, .jpg, .tif, .tiff, .NEF, .psd, .cmd, .bat, .sh, .class, .jar, .java, .rb, .asp, .cs, .brd, .sch, .dch, .dip, .pl, .vbs, .vb, .js, .h, .asm, .pas, .cpp, .c, .php, .ldf, . mdf , .ibd, .MYI, .MYD, .frm, .odb, .dbf, .db, .mdb, . sql , . SQLITEDB , .SQLITE3, .011, .010, .009, .008, .007, .006, .005, .004, .003, .002, .001, .pst, .onetoc2, .asc, .lay6, .lay, .ms11(Securitycopy), .ms11, .sldm, .sldx, .ppsm, .ppsx, .ppam, .docb, .mml, .sxm, .otg, .odg, .uop, .potx, .potm, .pptx, .pptm, .std, .sxd, .pot, .pps, .sti, .sxi, .otp, .odp, .wb2, .123, .wks, .wk1, .xltx, .xltm, . xlsx , .xlsm, .xlsb, .slk, .xlw, .xlt, .xlm, .xlc, .dif, .stc, .sxc, .ots, .ods, . hwp , .602, .dotm, .dotx, .docm, . docx , .DOT, .3dm, .max, .3ds, .xml, .txt, . CSV , .uot, .RTF, . pdf , .XLS, .PPT, .stw, .sxw, .ott, .odt, . DOC , .pem, .p12, .csr, .crt, .key, wallet.dat 34

  35. File Encryption: Targeted extensions From 194 to 460 file extensions: .yuv, .qbx, .ndd, .exf, .cdr4, .vmsd, .dat, .indd, .pspimage, .obj, .ycbcra, .qbw, .mrw, .erf, .cdr3, .vhdx, .cmt, .iif, .ps, .mlb, .xis, .qbr, . moneywell , .erbsql, .bpw, .vhd, .bin, .fpx, .pct, .md, .x3f, .qba, .mny, .eml, .bgt, .vbox, .aiff, .fff, .pcd, .mbx, .x11, .py, .mmw, .dxg, .bdb, .stm, .xlk, .fdb, .m4v, .lit, .wpd, . psafe3 , .mfw, .drf, .bay, .st7, .wad, .dtd, .m, .laccdb, .tex, .plc, .mef, .dng, .bank, .rvt, .tlg, .design, .fxg, .kwm, .sxg, .plus_muhd, .mdc, .dgc, . backupdb , .qcow, .st6, .ddd, .flac, .idx, .stx, .pdd, .lua, .des, .backup, .qed, .st4, .dcr, .eps, .html, .st8, .p7c, .kpdx, .der, .back, .pif, .say, .dac, .dxb, .flf, .st5, .p7b, .kdc, .ddrw, .awg, .pdb, .sas7bdat, .cr2, .drw, .dxf, .srw, .oth, .kdbx, . ddoc , .apj, .pab, .qbm, .cdx, . db3 , .dwg, .srf, .orf, .kc2, .dcs, .ait, .ost, .qbb, .cdf, .cpi, .dds, .sr2, .odm, .jpe, .dc2, .agdl, .ogg, .ptx, .blend, .cls, .css, .sqlite, .odf, .incpas, .db_journal, .ads, .nvram, .pfx, .bkp, .cdr, . config , .sdf, .nyf, .iiq, .csl, .adb, .ndf, .pef, .al, .arw, .cfg, .sda, .nxl, .ibz, .csh, .acr, .m4p, .pat, .adp, .ai, .cer, .sd0, .nx2, . ibank , .crw, .ach, .m2ts, .oil, .act, .aac, .asx, .s3db, .nwb, .hbk, .craw, .accdt, .log, .odc, .xlr, .thm, .aspx, .rwz, .ns4, .gry, .cib, .accdr, .hpp, .nsh, .xlam, .srt, .aoi, .rwl, .ns3, .grey, .ce2, .accde, .hdd, .nsg, .xla, .save, .accdb, .rdb, .ns2, .gray, .ce1, .ab4, .groups, .nsf, .wps, . safe , . 7zip , .rat, .nrw, .fhd, .cdrw, .3pr, .flvv, .nsd, .tga, .rm, .1cd, .raf, .nop, .fh, .cdr6, .3fr, .edb, .nd, .rw2, .pwm, .wab, .qby, .nk2, .ffd, .cdr5, .vmxf, .dit, .mos, .r3d, .pages, .prf, .oab, .msg, .mapimail, .jnt, .dbx, .contact 35

  36. File Encryption: Algorithm Encryption used: • Uses both RSA and AES algorithms • The AES-128 key is randomly generated for each file • The AES-128 key is used to encrypt the file and it’s filename • After encryption, the AES-128 key will be encrypted by RSA- 2048 36

  37. File Encryption: Filename Format of filenames of encrypted files. 4DF383039AB03953D81660EB4CADC28D.locky Victim ID File ID 37

  38. File Encryption: Filename Format of filenames of encrypted files. 4DF383039AB03953D81660EB4CADC28D.locky Victim ID File ID 0X3U7IYC-IA09-CQ94-D26F-CFA67B8E895D.zepto Victim ID File ID 38

  39. File Encryption: Filename Format of filenames of encrypted files. 4DF383039AB03953D81660EB4CADC28D.locky Victim ID File ID 0X3U7IYC-IA09-CQ94-D26F-CFA67B8E895D.zepto Victim ID File ID 0X3U7IYC-IA09-CQ94-D26F-CFA67B8E895D.odin Victim ID File ID 39

  40. File Encryption: File layout Encryption Encrypted Encrypted AES Key File 40

  41. File Encryption: File layout Encrypted Data *Encryption used: AES-128 Hardcoded Value Victim ID & File ID Encrypted AES Key *Encryption used: RSA-2048 Encrypted Filename *Encryption used: AES-128 41

  42. HTML Ransom Note 42

  43. Decryptor Page 43

  44. Harvest Locky Configuration 44

  45. Automate Configuration Extraction: Overview 45

  46. Cuckoo Module NO YES YES NO 46

  47. Demo: Locky Config Extraction in Cuckoo Sandbox 47

  48. Conclusion 48

  49. FortiGuard – Q&A Thank you fbacurio@fortinet.com rjoven@fortinet.com @fbacurio @rommeljoven17 49

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