Smarter Electric Power Grid Smarter Electric Power Grid Mehdi - PDF document

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Smarter Electric Power Grid Smarter Electric Power Grid Mehdi Etezadi-Amoli, PhD. PE Mehdi Etezadi Amoli, PhD. PE Professor and Chair Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering Presented at the SPGTC May 12, 2011 12 2011 Biltmore Hotel and Suites, Santa Clara, California University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Overview Overview ‐ Electric Power System ‐ Past Past ‐ Present ‐ Smart Grid Definition ‐ Policy and Vision by DOE Policy and Vision by DOE ‐ Tomorrow’s Electric Power System ‐ Some Challenges 2

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Electric Power System: Past Electric Power System: Past • Various systems Various systems throughout the country without tie lines without tie lines. • Extra capacity for seasonal loads seasonal loads • Inefficient use of the generation facility i f ili 3 University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Electric Power System: Present Electric Power System: Present • Highly interconnected utilities • Highly interconnected utilities throughout North America • Truly a large scale system • Analysis must include details A l i t i l d d t il for various power companies p p 4

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Electric Power System: Present Electric Power System: Present 5 University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Today’s Grid Technologies in Today’s Grid Transmission Transmission • High speed intelligent protective devices • Single pole tripping Single pole tripping • Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems systems Distribution • High speed relays • High speed relays • Intelligent reclosing operation • SCADA systems • SCADA systems 6

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) Generators Generators • Large, three phase synchronous machines • Example of a large machine: Example of a large machine: – Palo Verde Nuclear Plant: • Three units each rated at 1559 MVA • Cost: Approximately $10B in 1983 • Planning and completion time: Over 10 years 7 University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) Generator characteristics Generator characteristics Frequency Versus Time-To-Damage For A Steam Turbine (G.E.) TIME 8 Turbine OFF-Frequency Limits

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) Generator Generator G2 High Voltage Line High Voltage Line G3 G1 Gn Gn 9 University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) Generator Generator G2 G2 High Voltage Line 1 G3 G1 Hi h V lt High Voltage Line 2 Li 2 Gn 10

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today s Grid (cont d) Transmission Line Thermal Capacity • 500 KV: 2000 MW 500 KV: 2000 MW • 345 KV: 1000 MW • 230 KV: 500 MW • 230 KV: 500 MW Cost Cost Approximately $1,000,000/Mile 11 University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) Generator Generator • Over frequency protection • Under frequency protection • What happens when a plant is tripped? • What happens when a plant is tripped? 12

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) Golden Rule for a Power Company: Golden Rule for a Power Company: THOU SHALL NOT OU S NO CAUSE A SYSTEM BLACKOUT 13 University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Technologies in Toda ’s Grid (cont’d) Technologies in Today’s Grid (cont’d) • Under frequency load shedding (UFLS) • Under frequency load shedding (UFLS) • UFLS scheme for NV Energy 14

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Last Major Outage in North America Last Major Outage in North America Northeast Blackout 2003 • Caused by miscommunication miscommunication between operators • 50 million people lost 50 million people lost power • Contributed to 11 deaths • Cost $6 billion • Power outage lasted ~6 hours. 15 Source: Scientific American University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Smart Grid Definition Smart Grid Definition “An intelligent electric power delivery infrastructure An intelligent electric power delivery infrastructure (Intelligent Grid) that integrates advances in communications, computing, and electronics to meet society’s electric service needs in the future.” - Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Sept 2006 Smart grid applications:  Transmission  Distribution  Electrical machines/power electronic systems S Smart t grid id objective bj ti is i t to make k th the operation, ti monitoring and control of each “smarter” than it is now. 16

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Vi i Vision of the “Smart Grid” by DOE f th “S t G id” b DOE  Enabling informed participation by customers  Accommodating All Generation and Storage Options  Enabling New Products, Services and Markets Providing the Power Quality For the 21 st Century th 21 st C  P idi th P Q lit F t  Optimizing Asset Utilization and Operating Efficiency  Operating Resiliently Against Attacks and Natural Disasters (“Self-healing”) 17 Source: DOE Smart Grid Implementation Workshop June 2008 Statement of Smart Grid Policy “It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization p y pp of the Nation's electricity transmission and distribution system to maintain a reliable and secure electricity infrastructure that can meet future demand growth.” -Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, Title 13 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Title 13 “…updating the way we get our electricity by starting to build a new smart grid that y g g will save us money, protect our power sources from blackout or attack, and deliver clean, alternative forms of energy for every corner of our nation ” for every corner of our nation. President-elect Obama, 8 Jan 09 M Measure F Funding di Modernization of the nation’s electricity grid $4.5 B Electricity transmission systems investment $6.5 B Extend broadband internet Extend broadband internet $5 6 B $5.6 B Loan guarantees for renewable energy $8.0 B systems and electric transmission projects $10 B 18 R&D in "cutting edge technologies”

University of Nevada, Reno EBME Department Smart Grid Technology Areas Smart Grid Technology Areas 1. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) 3. Advanced Transmission Operations (ATO)   Smart Meters Smart Meters  Substation Automation  Two-way Communications   Consumer Portal Geographical Information System for Transmission  Home Area Network  Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)  Meter Data Management Meter Data Management  Demand Response  Hi-speed information processing  Advanced protection and control  Modeling, simulation and visualization tools Modeling simulation and visualization tools 2. Advanced Distribution Operations 4. Advanced Asset Management (AAM) (ADO)  Advanced sensors   Distribution Management System with Distribution Management System with  Integration of real time information with other advanced sensors processes  Advanced Outage Management (“real-time”)  DER O DER Operations ti  Distribution Automation 19 Source: NETL Modern Grid Strategy smart technologies today 20 Source: GE Energy

Two-way Flow of Information y  AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)  PEM (Personal Energy ( gy Management) Added green power sources High-speed, networked connections Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles Customer interaction with utility with utility Real-time and green pricing signal Smart thermostats, appliances, and in- 21 home control devices Source: BP Energy Smart Power, Solution: Smart Grid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles g y Two ways to integrate an electric vehicle into the electric grid:  The old way: the car starts recharging at maximum power as soon as it is plugged in.  The smart way: the car interacts with the electric grid as it makes sense in a given situation. 22 Source: www.smartgridvehicle.org/

Smart Grid Benefits Demand Management • Better demand control = reduced Renewables Management generation reserve requirement • Shape load to generation • Control demand to match supply • Manage intermittency • Pricing based on real-time market Asset Management • Maximize renewables • Improve field efficiency • Supply based pricing Supply-based pricing • Real-time asset status & control l i l Customer-Enabled Management • Expanded reliability • Automatic control of electronic • Extended asset life devices • Real-time pricing • New services and products N i d d • Enable customer choice 23 Source:www.xcelenergy.com/smartgridcity Smart Grid Challenges  Cost of smart grid implementation  Smart meter installation   D Dynamic pricing issues i i i i  Intermittency of Renewable energy y gy  Transmission of renewable energy  Renewable energy smoothing  Cyber security 24 Source: GE Energy