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Smart Grid Research in a Danish Perspective Professor and head of center Jacob stergaard Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) Department of Electrical Engineering Fukuoka, Japan 10 December 2012 Smart Grids in Denmark

  1. Smart Grid Research in a Danish Perspective Professor and head of center Jacob Østergaard Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) Department of Electrical Engineering Fukuoka, Japan 10 December 2012 Smart Grids in Denmark • Transformation towards a sustainable energy system is of outmost importance for society – Climate, Security of supply, Green growth Climate, Security of supply, Green growth – DK: Wind doubles to 50% in 2020; 100% RES in 2050 (ref: DK Government) • DK: Electricity expected to doubles to ~70% of the total energy system (ref: DK Climate Commission) New technology and development of a Smart Grid is a prerequisite for efficient integration of high share of renewable energy • Situation in Denmark • Situation in Denmark – Wind power generation equals 26% of demand (2011) – The EU country with the highest share of the export within energy technology – 22% of EU’s Smart Grid R&D projects takes place in Denmark (ref: EU) – National smart grid network established and national smart grid strategy to be launched DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2 2012-10-31 1

  2. Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) Department of Electrical Engineering • CEE established 15 August 2012 as a merger of existing units: – Center for Electric Technology, DTU Electrical Engineering – Intelligent Energy Systems, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy Intelligent Energy Systems, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy • Main competences – Electric Power Engineering – Automation and control – Information and Communication Technology • A strong university centers within its field – Staff: 85 persons incl. PhD-students – Covers discipline oriented research as well as national lab type application- driven research and proof-of-concept • Strategic partnerships 3 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Selected National and International Collaboration Partners • Academic partners: (NO) (CH) (NL) (CN) (DK) (FI) (US) (UK) (US) (SE) (SE) (HK) • Commercial and industrial partners: (DK) (DK) (DK) (BE) (UK) (DK) (DK) (DK) (US) (CH) (DK) (DK) (DE) + SME’s (DK) • International networks: (EU) (EU) (Global) DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 4 2012-10-31 2

  3. Some Main Research Challenges (and The Danish Wind Power Case) 2012 2020 25% wind power 25% wind power 50% wind power 50% wind power 7000 Demand Demand Wind Power Wind Power 6000 5000 MWh/h 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 5 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Some Main Research Challenges (and The Danish Wind Power Case) Changed Generation Landscape: Balancing: 2012 2020 25% wind power 25% wind power 50% wind power 50% wind power 7000 Demand Demand Wind Power Wind Power 6000 5000 MWh/h 4000 Stability and Reliability: 3000 Cost effective solutions: 2000 1000 0 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 6 2012-10-31 3

  4. Research Objective and Fields Development of a reliable, cost effective and environmentally friendly electric power and energy system based on renewable energy sources – Electric Components – Energy Resources, Services and Control – Energy System Operation and Management – Electric Power Systems – Electricity Markets 7 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 PowerLabDK Comprehensive Experimental Facilities for Electric Power and Energy • Industrial stakeholders: Flexible multi-purpose laboratories Large scale power Large-scale power system (1:10) Lyngby & Risø Campus Ballerup Campus • National support: 27,000 Customers 33% Wind Power 50% Renewable Energy Islanding capability Islanding capability Full-scale Realistic • Investment: 18 M€ Power System Hereof industrial funds: ~4 M€ Bornholm Power System DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 8 2012-10-31 4

  5. LabGrid 21 LabCells Sources up to 600 kVA 3 x 250 A backbone 3 x 3 x 125 A feeders Cables: 1,931 m / 6,123 kg 9 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 10 2012-10-31 5

  6. SYSLAB at Risø Campus • A platform for DER research and testing • Flexible experimental 11 kW 7 kW setup up • Several RES units • Embedded computing 48kW/60kVA 13x1 kW power and flexible communication • Very flexible control possibilities 9 kWh 55 kW 15 kW/120 kWh 11 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Bornholm Full-Scale Laboratory (1% of DK) 33% Wind Power Penetration; 28,000 Customers Local Energy Strategy Political & public drive Energy resources: - Wind power - Biogas plant - Combined heat and power - District heating - Solar power - eMobility Features: - Nord Pool market (DK2) - Islanding capability DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 12 2012-10-31 6

  7. Bornholm I slanding Experim ent Wind Power 0.0% 7.5% 10% 15% Penetration (restricted) (available) Average Total Active Pow er, BLOK5@N7121 Average Total Active Pow er, BLOK5@N7121 20.8 MW Electric Power output 20 MW “Conventional Plant” 19.2 MW 18.4 MW 17.6 MW 16.8 MW 16 MW Average Hz Frequency, BLOK5@N7121 System Electric Frequency 50.1 Hz 50 Hz 50 H 49.9 Hz 49.8 Hz 32 AM 11:20:08 AM 11:26:44 AM 11:33:20 AM 11:39:56 AM 11:46:32 AM 11:53:07 AM 11:11AM 11:18 AM 11:25 AM 11:32 AM 11:39 AM 11:46 AM 11:53 AM Monday 17 August 2009: 11:13:32 - 11:57:31 Refs : 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power , 2011 Patent No. US20120161444, 2011 13 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Autonomous V- and f-services from demand DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 14 2012-10-31 7

  8. System Reserves Provided by Frequency Responsive Electricity Demand • Field test w. 200 residential, commercial and industrial demand units    normal T T kf ( f f ) high high 0    normal T T kf ( f f ) low low 0 Field test at Bornholm • Results – Demand can with maintained energy service deliver reserves which today are delivered by large power plants Power – Pay pack time = 1-2½ year w/ 1 kW unit – Ease of implementation, supporting commercialization Refs: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , August 2011. Freqency IET Generation Transmission and Distribution , August 2009. 15 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 EcoGrid EU Large-scale demonstration of the future intelligent distribution system • Integrated research and large-scale demonstration of DENMARK NORWAY Smart Grids Smart Grids DTU CEE DTU CEE SINTEF ER SINTEF ER Energinet.dk (Coordinator) • ~2,000 active customers Østkraft Siemens IBM • EU fast-track to Smart Grids ESTONIA • 2011-14 Tallin University of Technology (TUT) Bornholm BELGIUM • 21 million Euro ELIA EANDIS (+ORES) THE NETHERLANDS ECN + TNO IBM Benelux GERMANY Siemens EnCT AUSTRIA Austrian Institute of Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) SPAIN Tecnalia SWITZERLAND IBM Research Landis+Gyr PORTUGAL EDP Awarded Best Sustainable IT-project 2012 by Arnold Schwarzenegger et. al DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 16 2012-10-31 8

  9. Extention of the Electricity Market Solutions Smaller Participants and Shorter Time Constants 17 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 Control-by-price Concept w ith 5 m in Real-tim e Market Lab. setup with micro CHP: Measuements: 8 power (kW) 6 4 Electric 2 0 5 10 15 20 Time (h) 150 Price (EUR/MWh) 100 50 0 5 10 15 20 Time (h) 90 Elec gen Elec. gen, 5 kW 5 kW C) Temperature (  C 80 80 Heat gen. 10.5 kW 70 Heat demand 5.25 kW 60 (constant) Storage 750 liter 50 5 10 15 20 50 ° C Min. temp. Time (h) Increased income = 7 .3 % Max. temp. 80 ° C wo/ comfort changes (and very simple algorithm) DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 18 Ref : IEEE Transaction on SmartGrids , 2011. 2012-10-31 9

  10. Congestion Managem ent in Distribution Grid by 5 m in Dynam ic Grid Tariffs Ref : IEEE ISGT Europe , 2011. 19 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 20 2012-10-31 10

  11. iPower - Strategic Platform for Innovation and Research 30+ partners, 5 years www.ipower-net.dk Markets and Socio-economic Grid Management and investor Investors Flexible Energy Resources Control Architectures User Behavior End users 21 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 2012-10-31 4 th IEEE PES Innovate Smart Grid Technologies Europe 2013 Copenhagen, Denmark 6-9 October 2013 Hosted by Technical University of Denmark Bringing industry and academia together academia together More information: www.ieee-isgt-2013.eu DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denm ark 22 2012-10-31 11

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