MOBILITY STRATEGY AND APPROACH OF IEC Dr. Bernhard Thies German - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MOBILITY – STRATEGY AND APPROACH OF IEC Dr. Bernhard Thies German National Committee of the IEC

Connecting an Electric Vehicle to the Grid (Smart) Power generation Grid Battery electric Charging station vehicle … looks easy but many things to be considered.

Stakeholder of Electro-Mobility Charging infrastructure • Energy Vehicle suppliers • Grid operators User/ • Vehicle • Charging customer manufacturers station manu- • Suppliers facturers • Suppliers - + Battery manufacturers

System Components and Domains of Interest Communications Interfaces and energy flows Protocols Data security Charging Vehicle engineering infrastructure Connector technology Energy storage Power electronics or sources Power electronics Auxiliary components Li+ Batteries Communications On-board wiring and control Fuel cells technology Drive Capacitors Product and Functional safety operation safety Electrical safety

Challenges for Integration of new Consumers and Energy Sources Complex systems / individual developments Complexity Price Number of devices / systems High number of simpler user devices

Example: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)  standards exist, but may not have been designed for Electro-Mobility  need adapting, sometimes complex issues Limits for harmonic currents according to IEC 61000-3 Amplitude ratio [%] 100,00 40,00 IEC 61000-3-2 Devices with input current ≤ 16A 30,00 IEC 61000-3-12 Devices with input current 16A < I ≤ 75A 20,00 10,00 0,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Harmonics Diagram prepared by RWE For connection to the grid the vehicle has to comply with standards for grid connection

Standardization is the Solution – not the Problem! Standardization Regulation Tele- Electro- General communi- technology cations International Regional (Europe) EU National National (Germany) regulation

International, European and German Standardization • IEC: Proposal to establish a strategic group 6 “automotive International standardization elctrotechnics” (tentative title) Council Council • IEC / ISO TC 22: JTC, SMB TMB SGs JWG Memorandum of Technical Committees Technical Committees Understanding (MoU) WG 10 WG 12 WG 15 - Different modes of co- SCs WGs PTs operation (mode 1 – 5) • EU: Mandate M/468 on European standardization interoperable charging infrastructure in EU FG-EV Technical Committees Technical Committees eM-CG - Report finalized in September 2011by CEN / WG 1 WG 2 WG 9 WG 1 WG 2 WG 9 CENELEC Focus Group on European Electromobility National standardization - Successor group: eMobility Coordination Group GK, Technical Committees GAK Working Groups • National: establishment of joint working groups and a steering UK 1 AK 1 AK 9 AK 1 AK 2 AK 9 committee

Committees involved in Electro-Mobility B: Battery / Fuel-Cell LW: Power electronics ISO/TC 22/SC 3/JWG 1 K: Communikation (PWM, V2G) M: Motor SVEF: Energy supply for Elektric vehicle RCD: Residual Current Protective Device LK: Charging cable Z: Meter GAK 353.0.2 NAAuto GAK 542.4.1 GAK 353.0.4 AK 411.2.8 GAK 542.4.3 AK 431.1.7 IEC/TC 69 IEC/TC 20 K 261 IEC/SC 23H IEC/SC 17D K 767 IEC/TC 8 K 331 TAB K 373 CLC/TC 8X CLC/TC 8X IEC/TC 22 K 353 (FNN) VDE-V 0126-1 EN 50160 EN 50438 IEC/TC 69 K 311 IEC/TC 2 Z K 952 K 373 LK IEC/TC 57 IEC/TC 82 K K 461 IEC/TC 13 EVSE B LW M IEC/TC 57 K 384 Z IEC/TC 105 GAK 353.0.1 K 764 RCD, K IEC TC 69 K 221 IEC/TC 106 IEC/TC 64 K 371 BGV B11 CLC/TC 64 IEC/TC 21 AK 221.1.11 AK 541.3.6 K 767 IEC/TC 64 IEC/SC 23E IEC/TC 77 CLC/TC 64 IEC/CISPR AK 542.1.2 VDE 0100-722 CLC/TC 210 IEC/SC 23B

Integration of Electric Vehicles into the (Smart) Grid Vehicle to grid Smart-Grid communication Distributed Energy interface: communication: Communication: IEC 61850 ISO/IEC 15118 IEC 61850-7-420 Schematic view Communication protocols are a key technology for smart-grid integration of electric vehicles – but they are not sufficient. Grid stability has to be maintained by worldwide harmonized principles for grid integration and charging controller behaviour  IEC TC 57, IEC TC 8, IEC TC 20, …

Legal Framework in Europe – the big Picture Scope of national wiring Scope of LVD Scope of ISO standards and rules (e.g. DKE-VDE) type approval regulations (CENELEC) (often based on UN (Directive 2006/95/EC) e.g. EN 61851 regulations, e.g. R10, R100) Charging modes 1 and 2 EN 60309-2 socket outlet ICCB Domestic socket outlet charging device Charging modes 3 and 4 Public charging device

Standardization for Electrical Safety Installation Electrical devices Vehicles ICCB charging device Public charging device IEC TC 64: Protection against electric shock Safety is a must: the whole system needs to be considered (e. g. DC leakage currents)  IEC TC69, TC 64, TC 23, TC 77, TC 17, … IEC TC 64 standards describe the recognized state of the art for protection against electric shock: “Safety Pilot Function“ for all domains.

Proposed Connectors – for AC (IEC 62196-2) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Not to scale application > car only > car and infrastructure > infrastructure designs > 1 > 1 (for mode 3) > 3 different voltage > 230 V > 500 V > 500 V Number of phases > only 1 > 1 or 3 > 1 or 3, different design current > 32 A > 16 A / 32A / 63 A; 70 A *) > 16 A or 63 A power > up to 7.2 kW > up to 43 kW > up to 43 kW IP degree mated > IP XX D > IP XX D > IP XX D unmated > IP XX B (D optional) > IP XX B (D optional) > IP XX D *) up to 70A for single phase use Standards should remove market barriers and not create new ones – why should we accept national requirements for a new infrastructure to be build up?

DC Charging: Combined Charging System Proposed Seven big car manufacturers have agreed on standards for DC fast charging: Audi, Electric BMW, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, vehicle Porsche and Volkswagen. Signaling IEC61851-23 Communi- Cation ISO/IEC15118 System / Station IEC61851-23 Connector, Example: vehicle connector Example: vehicle connector vehicle inlet based on AC type 1 and inlet based on AC type 2 IEC62196-3 Several coordinated standardization projects (IEC & ISO) for combined charging system are ongoing – German NC is a driving force.  No need for proprietary (or national) solutions!

The German Standardization Roadmaps for Electro-Mobility International cooperation/liaison with other organizations Internationality of standardization Charging stations HV on-board network Battery safety Vehicles/systems • The German Standardization Roadmap for Electro-Mobility Version 1 Inductive charging has been published end of 2010 … Smart grid compatible Reboot grid • … and will be updated by autumn 2011 (to be published soon) Dynamic load management Charging interfaces Rescue guidelines Battery system Charging stations Vehicles/systems Environmental conditions Cell dimensions Battery connections 2010 2012 2014 2017 2020 http://www.vde.com/en/dke/std/Pages/EMobility.aspx (also in English)