Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid INMR 2017 THE PFISTERER GROUP the power connection
Overview INTRODUCTION PLUGGABLE SYSTEM PROTECTION CASE STUDIES Trends in electric power & INTERFACE A surge arrester as a Examples of different distribution and it‘s Principle and properties pluggable enabler for solutions with the challenges. of a pluggable system – encapsulated systems. pluggable system the pluggable interface as a flexible solution Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Introduction Trends in electric power distribution and it‘s challenges. Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Challenges in power grids and distribution networks Urbanization and integration of renewable energy sources lead to bidirectional energy flows New concepts and higher transmission capacity is required. ■ Higher transmission capabilities required due to ■ Restrictions of power supply lines ■ Growing energy need of industry & habitant areas ■ Energy flow due to additional renewable energy sources ■ Fluctuating energy (e.g. wind, solar) ■ Distance between generation and consumption (windmills / urban areas, dam / industry) ■ Direction of energy flow mostly not considered (rooftop solar, cogeneration unit) ■ Flexible and fast available solution ■ Service work on equipment like power lines, transformers, ■ Breakdowns, due to weather disasters, malfunction, etc. Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Challenges in power grids and distribution networks Growing renewable energy sources ■ Non-hydro renewable and waste ■ Includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean, biofuels, waste, heat ■ 1973: 0,6% ■ 2015: 7,1% ■ As the overall electric generation raised significant, the absolute values increased from 37 TWh to 1722 TWh. 1 ) excludes electricity generation from pumped storage. 2) includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean, biofuels, waste, heat and other. source: www.iea.org – Key world energy statistics, 2017. Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Challenges in power grids and distribution networks World solar PV electricity production (TWh) Growing renewable energy sources ■ Non-hydro renewable and waste ■ Includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean, biofuels, waste, heat ■ 1973: 0,6% World wind electricity production (TWh) ■ 2015: 7,1% ■ As the overall electric generation raised significant, the absolute values increased from 37 TWh to 1722 TWh. ■ Highly fluctuating ■ Often decentralized 1 ) NON-OECD Asia excludes China source: www.iea.org – Key world energy statistics, 2017. Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
PLUGGABLE SYSTEM & INTERFACE Principle and properties of a pluggable system – the pluggable interface as a flexible solution Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
How can a pluggable system help to face this challenges Principle and properties of a pluggable system Main tasks of the socket and connector of a pluggable system are: ■ Handle the high electrical stress ■ Integrated elements ensure a proper electrical stress relief ■ Independent of cable diameter and cable insulation material (VPE, EPR) ■ Independent from insulation fluids /gasses of the equipment -> dielectric stress of every component may never exceed material limits ■ Guarantee the electrical contact / current transfer ■ Electrical contact between socket and connector via contact lamella ■ Fits all common available cable diameter ■ Solutions for special cables, such as enameled conductors or high flexible wires ■ Manage mechanical forces Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
How can a pluggable system help to face this challenges Advantages of a pluggable system – Socket side Transformer The PFISTERER socket as an interface for flexible solution IEC 60137 Cable connector ■ The socket acts as an interface for different electrical equipment ■ Usage as interface for gas insulated equipment, e.g. switchgear ■ Usage as interface for transformer or reactor IEC 60840, IEC 62067 GIS IEC 62271-203 � Mineral oil as insulation fluid � Natural or synthetic insulation fluids (Esther, Midel) ■ Fulfills all relevant standards and is 100% pretested ■ The socket closes the equipment ■ Ensures the equipment’s tightness (insulation gas, insulation liquid) ■ Enables fully internal treatment of the equipment in the factory ■ Equipment could be shipped “ready for use”: no oil- or gas-work onside ■ Offers a touch proof encapsulation, also offshore certificates are available Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
How can a pluggable system help to face this challenges Advantages of a pluggable system – Plug side The pluggable part as the completion of a flexible solution offers different possibilities to connect: ■ An underground cable ■ Most used solution, completely touch-proof ■ Available for all common cable diameters of all manufacturer ■ Fast installation possible. Cable could be prepared anytime, all parts are pretested ■ An overhead line ■ Pluggable termination fits to the same interface ■ Equipment and termination can be shipped separate – simpler transportation ■ Testing equipment ■ High current testing or earthing plugs ■ Supports further expandability via dummy plug Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Protection A surge arrester as a pluggable enabler for encapsulated systems. Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Protection – how to protect a fully enclosed system A pluggable system is an enclosed system The advantage of an enclosed system – all live parts are covered – becomes an challenge for standard surge protection: ■ No direct connection to HV-side nor MV-side possible ■ Available space is limited ■ FAT testing of equipment should be still possible ■ Protection equipment must be temporarily removable to allow voltage testing levels ■ Flexibility should not be impeded Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Protection – how to protect a fully enclosed system Types of overvoltages Duration Magnitude Surge Arrester Overvoltages could be classified in mainly three types: ■ Lightning overvoltages � Cause: Atmospheric discharge Duration: microseconds (1,2/50 µ s) can be limited Magnitude: > 5 Um ■ Switching overvoltages � Cause: switching in power systems Duration: milliseconds Magnitude: 2 to 3,6 Um can be limited ■ Temporary overvoltages (TOV) � Cause: Load flow in power Systems must (!) not be limited Duration: seconds surge arrester and equipment Magnitude: <1,3 Um must be rated to withstand TOV! Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Protection – how to protect a fully enclosed system Function areas of a surge arrester 5 Magnitude of Voltage in p.u. of U m Withstand voltage of equipment � restricted area � 4 Voltage on equipment � without surge arrester Voltage on equipment 3 � limited by surge arrester 2 1 Lightning Switching Temporary Highest voltage overvoltage overvoltage overvoltage for Equipment = 1 U m (Microseconds) (Milliseconds) (Seconds) (Continuously) Duration 0 Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Protection – how to protect a fully enclosed system Comparison of different construction designs Gas (SF6) insulated Air insulated Pluggable Surge arrester Space requirements - + Low - High + Low distance to other equipment Distance to equipment (protective zone) + Near to equipment - Far from equipment + Near to equipment Climatic influence + No influence - Crucial influence + No influence FAT testing - Complex + Easy possible + Easy possible (Dummy plug) Assembly time - Complex assembly + Quick assembly + Quick assembly Monitoring, Maintenance - Gas monitoring needed + - Cleaning if heavy polluted + No maintenance necessary Replacement in case of overload - Complex (re)assembly + Easy replacement + Easy replacement Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Case Studies The pluggable System as a flexible solution – some examples of different solutions with the pluggable system Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
Examples of a pluggable system for flexible solutions Flexible solutions with pluggable equipment ■ Emergency transformer, “plug and operate”: ■ Pluggable socket -> allows a compact design ■ Pluggable HV and MV side -> Bushings can be removed ■ Easy to transport via truck or train ■ quick to install ■ can be used for many applications Cable Accessories as Enablers for the Future Grid | Dr. Michael Zerrer | INMR 2017 Barcelona | Nov 5-8, 2017
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