Saving lives through accident research! Smart Safety Systems for Safer Kolkata City Roads By N Rameshkrishnan Technical Manager, JP Research India Pvt. Ltd. 10 th CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 Session VI: Smart Safety Systems 8 - 9 September, 2016 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 1
Saving lives through accident research! Kolkata city accident research initiative • Jointly initiated by Kolkata Traffic Police, CII, ITC and JPRI. • On-site crash investigation of fatal accidents with the support of Kolkata traffic police since November 2014. 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 2
Saving lives through accident research! Results of one year study • 316 Fatal accidents • Fatal accidents are widely spread around Kolkata city. Note: 316 fatal accidents notified to JPRI from Nov’ 2014 to Nov’ 2015. Source: Google maps 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 3
Saving lives through accident research! Results of one year study Percentage distribution of road users involved 100% % 31% 19% 18% 11% 10% 7% 3% 2% 0% Pedestrian Hit & run M2W Bus Truck Car Bicyclist M3W vehicle Road user type Pedestrians, hit & run vehicles, and two wheelers are most often involved (68%) road users in fatal accidents. Total number of road users involved: 601 Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 4
Saving lives through accident research! Results of one year study Percentage distribution of road users affected 100% 56% % 29% 5% 4% 4% 2% 1% 0% Pedestrian M2W Bicyclist Bus Car M3W Truck Road user type Pedestrians, two wheelers and bicyclists account for 90% of fatalities. Total number of road users affected: 326 Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 5
Saving lives through accident research! Focus on pedestrians 182 pedestrian fatality (56%) In Kolkata city, one pedestrian dies every second day!
Saving lives through accident research! Results of one year study Contributing factors for pedestrian accidents Human (81%) Vehicle (100%) Infrastructure (100%) Poor pedestrian Speeding more than Pedestrian knocked down infrastructure – crossing 30Kmph (77%) to the ground (66%) (72%) Poor pedestrian Driver inattention / Pedestrian run over (34%) infrastructure – walking Distraction (8%) alongside (28%) Vision obstruction due to None vehicle interiors (8%) None Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 7
Saving lives through accident research! Infrastructure factors leading to fatal pedestrian crossing accidents • 72% of fatal pedestrian accident occurs when pedestrians are trying to cross the road. • 76% of fatal pedestrian crossing accident occurs at or near junctions. 100% 75% 73% 95% 52% % 0% Ineffective traffic >10 m crossing No traffic signals No pedestrian signals crossing Infrastructure factors Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 8
Saving lives through accident research! Example fatal pedestrian crossing accident Source: Kolkata Traffic Police 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 9
Saving lives through accident research! Smart pedestrian traffic lights Source: You tube 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 10
Saving lives through accident research! Smart pedestrian traffic lights Source: You tube 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 11
Saving lives through accident research! Smart pedestrian crossing with refuge island Source: www.itdp.org 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 12
Saving lives through accident research! Smart pedestrian crossings at intersections Pedestrian crossings at all sides Raised pedestrian Pedestrian crossing and crossings allowing the the pavements should vehicles to slow down be connected Source: www.itdp.org 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 13
Saving lives through accident research! Smart pedestrian infrastructure crossing solutions Source: www.itdp.org 1.Proper pedestrian signals. 1 2.Refuge island. 4 3 2 3.Proper pedestrian crossing. 4.Perpendicular intersections. Pedestrian crossing accidents can be mitigated with the smart pedestrian crossing infrastructure solutions 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 14
Saving lives through accident research! Infrastructure factors leading to fatal pedestrian walking alongside accidents • 28% of fatal pedestrian accident occurs when pedestrians are walking alongside the road. 100% 67% 60% % 0% No pavements Encroached pavements Infrastructure factors Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 15
Saving lives through accident research! Example fatal pedestrian walking alongside accident Source: Road Accident Sampling System India (RASSI) 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 16
Saving lives through accident research! Example fatal pedestrian walking alongside accident Poor pedestrian pavement facilities Source: Road Accident Sampling System India (RASSI) 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 17
Saving lives through accident research! Smart pedestrian infrastructure walking alongside solutions 1.Proper pedestrian pavements. 1 2.Minimum 2 meters. 3.No pavement encroachments 3 2 Source: www.itdp.org Pedestrian walking alongside accidents can be mitigated with the basic smart pedestrian walking alongside infrastructure solutions 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 18
Saving lives through accident research! Example: Vehicle factor (Knock down) Source: Kolkata Traffic Police Knock down: Pedestrians when impacted by another vehicle, lose balance due to shift in CG and fall down on the ground, resulting in injuries to the pedestrian . 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 19
Saving lives through accident research! Vehicle factors (Knock down accidents) • Two of every three (66%) pedestrian fatalities is a knock down. 100% 66% 49% % 0% Collision partner (Bus & car) Pedestrian from left Vehicle factors Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 20
Saving lives through accident research! Smart solutions (Knock down) Autonomous Emergency Braking System (AEBS) Source: You tube 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 21
Saving lives through accident research! Smart solutions (Knock down) Autonomous Emergency Braking System (AEBS) Source: You tube 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 22
Saving lives through accident research! Smart solutions (Knock down) Blind spot assist system Source: You tube 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 23
Saving lives through accident research! Example: Vehicle factor (Run over) Source: Kolkata Traffic Police Run over: In an event of impact, pedestrians will be knock down to the ground and are run over by the wheels of the accident vehicle (usually a bus or a truck). This usually occurs due to a large ground clearance between the vehicle and the ground. 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 24
Saving lives through accident research! Vehicle factors (Run over accidents) • One of every three pedestrian fatalities is a run over 100% 100% 94% 0% Buses and Trucks Front tires Vehicle factors Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 25
Saving lives through accident research! Smart solutions (Run over) Vehicles with low ground clearance • No run over accidents seen so far in Kolkata city with buses of low ground clearance . • Introducing more buses of this type will subsequently mitigate pedestrian run over accidents in Kolkata city. Source: Google 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 26
Saving lives through accident research! Basic smart solutions (Run over) Vehicles with run over protection device Source: http://www.s1gard.com/videos.html 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 27
Saving lives through accident research! Conclusions • One pedestrian dies every second day in Kolkata city roads. • For a safer pedestrian journey in Kolkata city roads: 1. Pedestrian infrastructure problems need to be addressed. • Proper pedestrian traffic lights. • Reduce the pedestrian crossing distance by refuge islands. • Intersections with proper pedestrian crossings. • Proper pedestrian pavements without encroachments. 2. Pedestrian vehicle problems need to be addressed. • Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS). • Blind spot assist system. • Buses and trucks with low ground clearance. • Run over prevention device. 9 September, 2016 CII Safety Symposium & Exposition 2016 28
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