RFID and GPS Technology and Applications By: Dr. Subra Ganesan Professor, CSE Department, Oakland University Rochester, MI 48309. USA. ganesan@oakland.edu 6 th Annual Winter Workshop U.S. Army Vetronics Institute January 10, 2007 Only a few slides are made available. Copy right rests with respective owners. These Subra Ganesan 1 slides are for academic purpose only
Short biography of Dr. Subramaniam Ganesan • Professor in the department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Associate Director of Product Development and Manufacturing Center, at Oakland University. He was the chair of the department. • He received his M.Tech. and Ph.D. from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. • He worked at National Aeronautical Laboratory, India, Ruhr University, Germany, Concordia University, Canada, and Western Michigan University before joining at Oakland University. • He has published nearly 35 journal papers, more than 100 papers in conference proceedings, and 3 books. He developed a custom DSP board with software for his book. • Active senior member and officer at IEEE, council member of ISPE. • He was general chair of four conferences. Has received best paper award, best teacher awards. • DSP based electric power steering, Fuzzy idle-speed control, road scene analysis for intelligent vehicles, mobile communication protocol, application of wavelet transform and Hough Transform . His research interests are in real time system, parallel architectures and computer systems for signal processing. Subra Ganesan 2
Abstract • This presentation has 4 parts •RFID •GPS •Sensor networks •Low Power Microcontrollers Subra Ganesan 3
Topics • Basics of RFID sensors • Application of RFID for tracking • Basics of GPS technology • GPS ICs • Low power microcontrollers • Sensor networks • Integration of RFID,GPS, Low Power Micro and sensor network for novel applications Subra Ganesan 4
Some Specifications • Lower Cost • High Data transfer rate • Low to medium size local data storage • No line-of-sight communication preferred • Robust construction for use in harsh conditions • Low power consumption • Self diagnosing and fault tolerance • Network of Sensors to perform distributed monitoring/ analysis. Subra Ganesan 5
6 Receiver NIKE + iPOD--- a new Tracking device Subra Ganesan Sensor Sensor
Privacy Issues • Time, Distance, Calories burned, running pace. • Receiver links to one sensor at any time. • When the sensor is still, it sleeps. When one walks, it transmits its ID. Sends 1 packet of info every second. • 10 meter to 20 meter distance range for transmission. Subra Ganesan 7
Issues • 10 to 30 MPH speed maximum. • Privacy issues: • Stalker • Customer Tracking • Muggers Subra Ganesan 8
What is RFID What is RFID • RFID is an area of automatic identification that has quietly been gaining momentum in recent years and is now being seen as a radical means of enhancing data handling processes, complimentary in many ways to other data capture technologies such bar coding. Subra Ganesan 9
RFID – What is it? • Radio Frequency Identification Device • Holds a small amount of unique data – a serial number or other unique attribute of the item • The data can be read from a distance – no contact or even line of sight necessary • Enables individual items – down to the proverbial “can of beans” to be individually tracked from manufacture to consumption! Subra Ganesan 10
What is an RF Tag ? Tag Chip CPU CPU I/O I/O RAM ROM RAM ROM Radio Tx/Rx Radio Tx/Rx Pwr Supply Pwr Supply CPU CPU I/O I/O RAM RAM ROM ROM Antenna Radio Tx/Rx Radio Tx/Rx Pwr Supply Pwr Supply Chip + Antennae + Packaging = Tag Subra Ganesan 11
Variations of RF Tags • Basic types: active vs. passive • Memory - Size (16 bits - 512 kBytes +) - Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM • Arbitration (Anti-collision) • Ability to read/write one or more tags at a time • Frequency : 125KHz - 5.8 GHz • Physical Dimensions - Thumbnail to Brick sizes - Incorporated within packaging or the item • Price ($0.50 to $150) Subra Ganesan 12
What is a R adio- F requency Id entification (RFID) tag? • In terms of appearance… Chip (IC) Antenna Subra Ganesan 13
What is an RFID tag? • You may own a few RFID tags… – Proximity cards (contactless physical-access cards) – ExxonMobil Speedpass – EZ Pass • RFID in fact denotes a spectrum of devices: Subra Ganesan 14
What is an RFID tag? • You may own a few RFID tags… – Proximity cards (contactless physical-access cards) – ExxonMobil Speedpass – EZ Pass • RFID in fact denotes a spectrum of devices: Basic EZ Pass RFID SpeedPass Mobile phone Tag Subra Ganesan 15
What is a basic RFID tag? • Characteristics: – Passive device – receives power from reader – Range of up to several meters – In effect a “smart label”: simply calls out its (unique) name and/or static data “74AB8” “ Plastic #3” “5F8KJ3” Subra Ganesan 16
The capabilities of a basic RFID tag • Little memory – Static 64-to-128-bit identifier in current ultra-cheap generation (five cents / unit) – Hundreds of bits soon – Maybe writeable under good conditions • Little computational power – A few thousand gates – Static keys for read/write permission – No real cryptographic functions available Subra Ganesan 17
The grand vision: RFID as next-generation barcode Barcode RFID tag Fast, automated scanning Line-of-sight Radio contact Specifies object type Uniquely specifies object Provides pointer to database entry for every object, i.e., unique, Subra Ganesan 18 detailed history
• Most RFID tags transmit a number and nothing else. 96-bit number. • The computer/ reader interprets the number to open the door or calculate the price etc. • To be read, a passive RFID must be provided with sufficient power to run the electronics and transmit a signal to the reader. Subra Ganesan 19
Read range depends on: • Reader transmit power typically 1 watt • Reader receiver sensitivity: - 80- dBm or 10 -11 watts • The reader antenna gain 6dBi • Tag antenna gain 1 dBi –Omni directional • Tag power required- 100 microwatt • Tag modulator efficiency - -20dB Subra Ganesan 20
• Power Available to (needed by) the Tag, Pt = Pt = Pr x Gr x Gt x T x (4Phi) 2 x d 2 Pr = reader transmitter power Gr = Reader antenna gain Gt = Tag antenna gain T = Wavelength of system For Pt = 100 microwatt and 915 MHz system, d max = 5.8 meter (19.4 feet) If Pt = 1 microwatt, one could read the tag at 200 feet approx. Subra Ganesan 21
Some more Facts: • Water and metal affect the Radio waves. • A wet cardboard box reduces the signal transmitted by the Tag inside the box • A metal can blocks the visibility of Tag inside. • A tag on the outside of metal can, will either block or focus the signal waves • Dielectric coupling (human body, packing) can detune the Tag antenna- make it less efficient. • Two tags on each other will interfere because of coupling. Subra Ganesan 22
Block the Tag • Easy way to block the Tag is to use a single layer of Aluminum foil. 27 micron thick foil. • 1mm thick, dilute salt water also blocks the Tag. Subra Ganesan 23
Some applications • Better supply-chain visibility -- #1 compelling application • U.S. DHS: Passports • U.S. FDA: Pharmaceuticals, anti-counterfeiting • Libraries • Housepets – approx. 50 million • Parenting logistics – Water-park with tracking bracelet • RFID in Euro banknotes (?) Subra Ganesan 24
Supply Chain • The largest use of RFID in the future is to track and supply chain of consumer goods. • Track shipping from factory, container on the way, unloading, arrival of every package, locate where in the shelf the package is kept, is it mis- shelved, out of stock, theft, light sensing RFID can detect if the container was opened….. Great many applications! Subra Ganesan 25
Implant • Controversy—implant RFID into people. • Small glass cylinders, 2 or 3 mm wide 1 cm long. Inside the cylinder is microchip, a coiled antenna, a capacitor for energy storage. • Implant under the skin of hand, chest cavity, neck. Using 12 gauge Needle in 20 seconds. Subra Ganesan 26
• Read the implanted RFID by using intense magnetic field at 100KHz to 15 MHz. • October 2004 New York Times – Applied Digital Solution (ADS) manufactures implantable RFID chips. In 1986 invented/ patent issued in 1993 by Hughes Aircraft and Destron to implant in horses. • Digital Angel and VeriChip – RFIDs. Subra Ganesan 27
• Digital Angel monitors wearer’s location using GPS. • Wear around the neck of a child • Implant inside Rich people in South America to prevent kidnapping • Track patients with Alzheimer disease. • Implant on the hands for patrons of Beach Club (Spain) to pay for drinks using accounts. • Not approved by US FDA. • Implant VeriChip to access bank accounts. Subra Ganesan 28
Recommend
More recommend
