Sentence Warm Ups Shake it up! Jake nervously tiptoed into the darkened room hoping that nobody had noticed him. Change the nouns 1. 2. Change the verbs 3. Change the adverb 4. Change the adjective 5. Change the subordinate clause 6. Rearrange
Sentence Warm Ups Shake it up! The tall lady strode through the ballroom. Add a fronted adverbial 1. 2. Use a subordinating conjunction 3. Use a co-ordinating conjunction 4. Use an adverb to modify the adjective 5. Add a one word preposition 6. Change the subordinate clause 7. Rearrange
Aims: Understand the detail and application of grammar for Year 3-6 and the implications of SPaG test for children currently in Year 4 or below Develop subject knowledge including current terminology. Build a bank of Grammar games and activities to use with creative reading and writing opportunities at home.
Connectives conjunctions connecting adverbs Chocolate is good for the subordinating co-ordinating soul. Moreover, it tastes conjunctions conjunctions delicious! While the sun shone, the children played.
Connectives Prepositions e.g. before, after, during, in, because of conjunctions connecting adverbs e.g. then, next, soon, therefore co-ordinating subordinating conjunctions conjunctions FANBOYS when, although, then, for and nor but or yet so because, if, even though, while, as, until Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Adverbs & adverbial phrases The surest way to identify adverbs is by the ways they can be used: they can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb or even a whole clause. Yesterday, the very tall lady strode elegantly through the ballroom .
Adverbs & adverbial phrases How? The leopard ran swiftly . The leopard ran faster than the wind . When? The leopard ran at daybreak . Yesterday , the leopard ran. Where? Through the harsh undergrowth , the leopard ran. The leopard ran to the edge of the ledge .
Fronted adverbials A word or phrase that normally comes after the verb may be moved before the verb: when this happens, we say it has been ‘fronted’. A fronted adverbial is an adverbial which has been moved before the verb. When writing fronted phrases, we often follow them with a comma. As the stars twinkled in the night sky, … After the snow storm, …
Beat the author The Iron Man stood.
Preposition Prepositional phrases often describe locations or directions (tell us ‘where’ e.g. ‘ though the ballroom’ ) but they can also describe other things, such as relations of time. Words like before or since act as prepositions when they link a noun, but conjunctions when they link clauses. He hadn't eaten since breakfast. I haven't seen my dog since this morning. I have been learning ballet since I was two years old.
Expanded Noun Phrases Nouns and expanded noun phrases Year 2 – Expanded noun phrases for description and speculation (e.g. the blue butterfly, plain flour, the man in the moon). Year 4 – Noun phrases expanded by the addition of modifying adjectives, nouns and prepositional phrases (e.g. ‘the teacher’ expanded to ‘the strict maths teacher with the curly hair’). Year 6 – Using expanded noun phrases to convey complicated information concisely.
Expanded Noun Phrases Noun Adjective Adverbial/prepositional phrase Determiners He bought a shirt and some socks. He bought a shirt and some socks. He bought a shirt and some socks. He bought a smart shirt and some sparkly socks. He bought a smart shirt and some sparkly socks with diamonds up the side.
Expanded Noun Phrases Replacing pronouns with noun phrases They boisterously jostled them into it. The gang of jeering bullies boisterously jostled the pair of petrified pupils into the music room.
Create! Replacing pronouns with noun phrases He swiftly pushed it down into it.
Reverse Replacing noun phrases with pronouns Bogeymen wear wet underwear under a layer of damp, woolly clothes. On top of this they wear soggy leather jackets and trousers. The intention is to keep their natural excretions in, and they cannot stand the thought of drying out or losing their lovely whiff. They also wear Bogeyboots and the idea of dry feet is a nightmare to all Bogeymen.
Active and Passive In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active. o The bear chased the boy. o (subject doing action) (verb) (object receiving action) In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. o The boy was chased by the bear. o (subject receiving action) (verb) (object doing action)
Active and Passive Non-fiction (information texts, explanation, non- chronological reports, signs, news reporting etc.) o The bread was left in a warm place. o The eco house was built using biodegradable materials. o Parking is prohibited. Fiction o The boy was chased … (leave out object to create mystery) o The door had been left ajar … (create suspense) o The noise was heard by everybody in the street . (focus) o The fairy has been submerged in the half-drunk glass of water by the Vengeful Professor Paperclip. (more emphasis on the villain)
Subjunctives & Question Tags The difference between structures typical of informal speech and structures appropriate for formal speech and writing (such as the use of question tags or the use of subjunctive forms in some very formal writing and speech).
Subjunctives The easiest way to spot a subjunctive is in an unfamiliar past tense after the first and third person. Instead of the standard ‘was’, the verb is ‘were’. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. Were she to be promoted, the rest of the department would resign. I need to go back to subjunctive school, if only that were possible.
Subjunctives In the present tense – no ‘s’ is added to the third person singular and the base form of the verb (such as ‘be’ ) is used with the first, second and third singular and plural. I suggest that she be given the job. The actors request that the person in the audience talking on his mobile phone switch it off or leave now. It is vital that the mother come to the parents’ evening to discuss Alfie’s behaviour.
Question Tags A question can be tagged onto the end of a sentence. You haven't seen my football boots, have you? It’s not fair, is it? I can get there tonight, can’t I ? It’s a shame the day is over, isn’t it?
Modals Indicating degrees of possibility using adverbs or modal verbs. Can/could Will/would Shall/should May/might Must/ought You might want to consider a less realistic costume. (Modal Verb chain)
Modals and adverbs in adverts Indicating degrees of possibility using adverbs or modal verbs. Perhaps, Maybe, Certainly, Surely, Possibly, Definitely, Normally, Very likely, Probably Annually, Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Never, Regularly, Rarely, Frequently, Occasionally
How likely? How often? Probably the best lager in the world. When it absolutely, positively has to be there overnight. Maybe she’s born with it. Maybe it’s ………. You can do it when you …….. it
Relative clauses and relative pronouns Who, whose and whom refer back to people and animals; which refers back to things; that can be used to refer back to either. My brother, who lives in Australia, is visiting next week. The cheque, which I received for my birthday, was a welcome surprise.
Relative clause challenge! Pirates love drinking rum. Pirates, who are renowned for their bad manners, love drinking rum. Pirates, who are renowned for their bad manners, love drinking rum, which they store in barrels below deck.
Relative clause challenge! Pirates, who are renowned for their bad manners, love drinking rum, which they store in barrels below deck, where it is kept cool. Pirates, who are renowned for their bad manners – which they no doubt pick up from their poorly behaved parents - love drinking rum, which they store in barrels below deck, where it is kept cool.
Commas to clarify meaning or avoid ambiguity I hate liars like you I find them detestable. I hate liars, like you I find them detestable. I hate liars like you, I find them detestable. I hate liars. Like you, I find them detestable. I hate liars like you; I find them detestable Reasons to use commas: speech; separate items in a list; fronted adverbials; to clarify meaning; indicate parenthesis and separate clauses.
Hyphens to avoid ambiguity Man Eating Shark Witnessed Near Beach. Man-eating Shark Witnessed Near Beach
Indicating parenthesis Brackets are used solely for the purpose of parenthesising and are correctly referred to as parentheses . The parenthetical matter contained within them is said to be ‘in parenthesis’. If you take the parenthesised matter away, the sentence flows on unaffected. The parenthesised matter assumes its own punctuation, independent of that of the surrounding sentence. Non-fiction (brackets and commas) Fiction (commas and dashes used more often)
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