KENYATTA UNIVERSITY GIS DAY – 18 th Nov. 2014 Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS) Application of Geo-Spatial Information for Sustainable Development Functions and Operations P.O. Box 47146, 00100; Tel: 254 (02) 609013/27; Fax: 254 (02) 609705, Nairobi, Kenya Mwangi J. Kinyanjui (Ph.D)
BACKGROUND Over time the scope of the unit The Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing ( DRSRS ) formerly expanded. known as Kenya Rangeland Ecological Monitoring Unit ( KREMU ) was 1982 - Land use/cover mapping was established in 1976. initiated in high potential areas using Main aim SPOT satellite. Monitor rangelands of Kenya through 1984 - Crop forecasting programme livestock, wildlife and vegetation surveys started using remote sensing, aerial surveys and 1987 - Installed Geographical ground sampling techniques. Information System. 1988 - It became a full-fledged Department under the Ministry of Planning and National Development but has moved across ministries since them without changing mandate DRSRS is situated along Popo Rd, off Mombasa Rd and opposite Belle-Vue Cinema in South ‘C’. DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCE SURVEYS AND REMOTE SENSING (DRSRS) VISION MANDATE Collection, storage, analysis, To become a national focal centre of updating and dissemination excellence in matters related to of geo-spatial information on development of national Geo-spatial natural resources to facilitate Databases on most renewable and non-renewable natural resources and informed decision-making for environment for rapid decision- sustainable management of making and policy formulation. these resources so as to alleviate poverty and enhance MISSION environmental management. To promote sustainable development of Geo-spatial Information Databases Data and information from while up-holding efficiency in its DRSRS is used in formulation dissemination for purpose of alleviating poverty and supporting of policies and decision - sustainable development. making in various government ministries and agencies. DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCE SURVEYS AND REMOTE SENSING (DRSRS) ACTIVITIES To Generate data for Sustainable management of livestock/wildlife and associated environment/ecological attributes in the Kenya Rangelands; Conservation of forests, water towers, wetlands, fragile ecosystems; Crop forecasting for food security management Seasonal, spatial and annual biomass monitoring; Also Maintain archives of Environmental Information database e.g. wildlife data since 1976 To coordinate projects using remote sensing technology in government. DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
Why remote sensing? Ground plots are expensive Some ground points cant be accessed We need time series information We need information about large areas We need to analyse interplays and effects of overlays DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
DRSRS Methods of Data Acquisition Multi-Stage Sampling Concept OUTPUTS Maps Stage 1: Remote Sensing Approach Statistics Orbiting Space Satellite (3,000 - 35,000 km) Models Advantages: - Cheap, faster, synoptic, covers Reports wide area and easily comparable Scale Stage 2: Aerial Surveys Low-High Flight Aircraft Aerial Photography (100-3,000m ) Animal Census (100-200m) Costs Implication: Dependent on size of area, sampling resolution and efforts Scale Stage 3: Ground Surveys/Measurement Attribute identification, scale accuracy and socio-economic surveys Database integration, Cost Implication: Often expensive and time Analysis and Modeling consuming in GIS/RS Platforms DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
Multi-stage Data Gathering Concept : Satellite data, Aerial photography and Ground sampling/checks. Aircraft Satellite Preliminary Vegetation Maps e n g l s o t t a i l r u e C o T y p e s C o v e r T y p e s A g r i c l t u r a l L a n d A g r i c u l t u r a l L a n d B u r n t F o r e s t B u r n t F o r e s t C o m m e r c i a l R a n c h C o m m e r c i a l R a n c h D e g r a d e d F o r e s t D e g r a d e d F o r e s t D e n s e r a s s y S h r u b l a n d D e n s e G r a s s y S h r u b l a n d D w a r f h r u b G r a s s l a n d D w a r f s h r u b G r a s s l a n d F o r e s t P l a n F o r e s t P l a n i i r l Final Vegetation Map Satellite Image Ground Sampling Method Herbaceous cover Woody cover sampling Socio-economic aspects sampling Point Center Quarter (PCQ) Biodiversity assessment Line transect Line transect Questionnaire surveys Quadrant method Use of GPS Checklist DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
OUTPUTS/PRODUCTS Include vegetation cover maps, land use statistics, species checklists, technical reports, journal articles etc. e e d n n h o g l t n t a s a i l r S u e Area (m 2 Forest cover types ) C o v e r T y p e s A g r i c u l t u r a l L a n d B u r n t F o r e s t C o m m e r c i a l R a n c h Tall Dense Forest 79,089,679 D e g r a d e d F o r e s t D e n s e G r a s s y S h r u b l a n d D w a r f s h r u b G r a s s l a n d Tall Dense Forest 14,201,207 F o r e s t P a l n Tall Dense Forest 9,823,538 Tall Dense Forest 13,851,548 Degraded Forest 1,377,926 Tall Dense Shrubland 7,825,291 R r i r i V t o n u s n s d l n S e n t h e S S l a l l a T T a D e a D e r l r t a a T u o s i t T a i u h b l d Tall Medium Forest 2,641,590 Tall Medium Forest 1,438,911 Tall Medium Forest 1,741,192 Degraded Forest 1,038,913 Degraded Forest 388,952 Degraded Forest 5,668,493 Vegetation cover Statistics of Rumuruti Forest DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
Vegetation Cover Types of Mara National Reserve 34 ° 50' 35 ° 00' 35 ° 10' 35 ° 20' 35 Loc ation of Study Area 1 ° 2 0' 1 ° 20' Area % of Vegetation Cover Types 6.0% 2.7% 6.4% 7.2% 11.9% 1.0% 1 ° 3 0' 1 ° 30' 6.3% 58.3% 0.3% Dense Grassed Shrubland Dense Riverine Woodland Dense Shrubbed Grassland Open Grassed Shrubland Open Shrubbed Grassland Open Wooded Shrubland Legend River Sparsed Shrubbed Grassland Swampy Grassland Vegetation Cover Types Dense Grassed Shrubland Open Grassed Shrubland Open Wooded Shrubland Swampy Grassland Dense Shrubbed Grassland Open Shrubbed Grassland Sparsed Shrubbed Grassland Dense Riverine Woodland Woodla Water nd (Forest) 6% Shrubla nd 1 ° 4 0' 1 ° 40' 24% N Grassla nd 70% 5 0 5 Kilom eters 35 34 ° 50' 35 ° 00' 35 ° 10' 35 ° 20' Map prepared by: Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS) - 2008 DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
Aerial Sampling Techniques Animal Census • Aerial Surveys: Systematic reconnaissance flights methodology (Norton-Griffiths, 1978) • Analysis: Jolly (1969) for statistics; Geographic Information System (GIS) for 120 m (400ft) spatial mapping of population distribution, statistical packages (SPSS, Systat) 5 Km DRSRS - KU GIS DAY Presentation – 18 th Nov. 2014
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