Senita cactus - senita moth A pollination-seed predator mutualism… egg Lophocereus schotii Upiga virescens Holland and DeAngelis (2002) model of the Lophocereus-Upiga mutualism dP/dt<0 dM/dt<0 dM/dt>0 # Moths dP/dt>0 dM/dt<0 # Plants Lophocereus Upiga virescens schottii
competition? Figure 17_07 Figure 17_07
Figure 17_08 Apparent competition Food webs Paine 1966 Charles Elton
El Verde rainforest web - trophic (not taxonomic) species
“Keystone species” effect of trophic structure on species diversity Lubchenco 1978 Figure 17_09
Figure 17_10 El Verde rainforest web - trophic (not taxonomic) species
Patterns of connectance in food webs (Martinez 1992) More detailed, dynamical foodwebs Jonsson, Cohen, Carpenter (2005)
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