San Francisco State University We Make Great Things Happen
Earthquake Awareness Presented by University Police Department, Division of Emergency Services Aide V. Juárez
What is an Earthquake? • When two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another (fault lines) releasing energy. • Sometimes an earthquake has foreshocks. These are smaller earthquakes before the larger earthquake that follows • Aftershocks – smaller e-quakes that occur after the main shock. These can last for days, weeks, months or even years BASICALLY, SHAKING OF THE EARTH!! Myth #1: California will disappear like Atlantis! The San Andreas Fault System is the dividing line between two tectonic plates. The Pacific Plate is moving in a northwesterly direction relative to the North American plate. The movement is horizontal, so while Los Angeles is moving toward San Francisco, California won't sink. However, earthquakes can cause landslides, slightly changing the shape of the coastline. Source: USGS, 2018
History Notable Bay Area Earthquakes
Significant Bay Area E-Quakes o 1838 Peninsula segment of the San Andreas (m~7) o 1868 Southern Hayward fault (M~7) o 1906 – estimated deaths ~ 3,000 San Andreas fault (M~7.9) – one of the most significant e-quakes of all time Felt from southern Oregon to south of Los Angeles and inland as far as central Nevada o 1989 ~ 67 casualties Loma Prieta (M 6.9) Myth #2: “And the Earth Opened & Swallow People” Cost: $5+ million damages Earthquakes can cause ground deformation that can include open fissures into which people, cars, etc., can fall. Source: USGS, 2018
What if a (M 7.0) E-Quake Struck Today? Hudnut, K.W., Wein, A.M., Cox, D.A., Porter, K.A., Johnson, L.A., Perry, S.C., Bruce, J.L., and LaPointe, D., 2018. The HayWired earthquake scenario — We can outsmart disaster: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018 – 3016, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183016.
Aftershocks Hudnut, K.W., Wein, A.M., Cox, D.A., Porter, K.A., Johnson, L.A., Perry, S.C., Bruce, J.L., and LaPointe, D., 2018. The HayWired earthquake scenario — We can outsmart disaster: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018 – 3016, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183016.
Fires after E-Quake Hudnut, K.W., Wein, A.M., Cox, D.A., Porter, K.A., Johnson, L.A., Perry, S.C., Bruce, J.L., and LaPointe, D., 2018. The HayWired earthquake scenario — We can outsmart disaster: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018 – 3016, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183016.
What if a (M 7.0) E-Quake Struck Today? 72% probability, M(6.7 or greater) o Property damage & direct business disruption losses ~$82 billion (2016 dollars) o Threat to approximately 2 million buildings o ~800 casualties & 18,000 nonfatal injuries o Building & structural damage caused by shaking & liquefaction hazards o 2,500+ people could be rescued from collapsed buildings o 22,000+ people could require rescue from stalled elevators o Damages to H20 supply o East-bay residents can lose water service for 6-weeks (some for as long as 6 months) o Fire o 400+ gas & electric fires could ignite = loss of more than 52,000 single-family homes (total property losses ~$30 million (2016 dollars) Myth #3: “Injuries are all from collapsing buildings” Map of known active geologic faults in the San Francisco Bay region, California, including the Hayward Fault. The 72 percent probability of a magnitude (M) 6.7 or greater earthquake in the region includes well-known major plate-boundary faults, lesser- known faults, and unknown faults. The percentage shown within each colored circle is the probability that a M 6.7 or greater Most injuries in earthquakes are from objects that break or fall on people: TV’s, pictures, earthquake will occur somewhere on that fault system by the year 2043. The dark, thick lines outlined in various colors represent major plate boundary faults; the thinner, yellow lines mark lesser-know, smaller faults. mirrors, shelves & heavy light fixtures. Kircher, C. A., Seligson, H. A., Bouabid, J., & Morrow, G. C. (2006). When the big one strikes again — Estimated losses due to a repeat of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Earthquake Spectra , 22 (S2), 297-339.
Why Should I Prepare?
o Your life could change unexpectedly: o Where will your family be? Myth #4: “Big E -Quakes always occur early in the o Will you have medical services? morning” o Will you be able to get home? There is no earthquake season and there is no specific time when e-quakes happen. o Will you be able to stay home? People who perpetuate the time and weather myths tend to remember the earthquakes that fit the pattern and forget about the ones that don't. o Can you live without the services you rely on? o Gas o Water o Garbage & Sewage o Bank operations will be limited o Groceries, pharmacies & other retail stores may be closed or unable to restock o Telephone, internet, wireless communication o How will you be affected? o Money? Food? Medicine? o Recover financially?
Is San Francisco Ready for an E-Quake ? https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/15/san-francisco-earthquake--why-the-city-is-not- prepared.html
What Should I do?
7 Steps to E-Quake Safety
MITIGATION / BEFORE E-QUAKE Preventing future emergencies or minimizing their effects • Buying E-Quake insurance • Fire Insurance, install smoke detectors • Identify home’s potential hazards & fix them • Water & gas pipes – replace worn or rusted pipes/secure them • Water heaters – secured • Secure kitchen cabinets • Garage – flammable or hazardous materials – place in low areas/secure • Items stored above/around vehicle – secure to ensure it does not damage vehicle • Secure electronics • Secure hazard and movable items • Hanging objects, open shelves • Furniture • ID potential weaknesses & fix them • Structural issues • Do you rent?
PREPAREDNESS / BEFORE E-QUAKE Prepare to handle an emergency Develop Disaster Plans : family & work plans (Make sure schools, daycares, etc. have emergency plans) • Communication Plan – where to go? • What to do? • How to reconnect? Meeting point? • Who to call for help? List emergency phones Disaster Drills • Practice DROP, COVER, HOLD ON ID safety spots at home & learn to protect yourself no matter where you are! Create a Disaster/Emergency Kit • Include pets • Create a vehicle kit • Office Kit First Aid & CPR training Utility Shutoffs Determine a location where you might live if home cannot be occupied
RESPONSE / During E-Quake Ability to React o DO NOT PANIC Seek protection from falling debris, under desks or tables, or in corners of rooms. Do not seek cover under laboratory benches or tables, as chemical spills are possible. Alternatively, seek cover against an interior wall and protect your neck and head with your arms . Avoid danger spots near windows, hanging objects, mirrors, or tall furniture that is likely to fall in a moderate earthquake. Do not use elevators. Do not exit the building until the shaking stops, evacuation is NOT automatic in earthquakes. o IF OUTSIDE: Seek Open Areas!!! Move away from buildings, power lines, and trees o IF DRIVING: Pull to the side of the road and STOP IMMEDIATELY. Avoid underpasses/overpasses, bridges, and power lines. Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking has ceased.
Myth #5: “Head for the Doorway” Many homes were made of adobe bricks with wooden doorframes. After powerful e- quakes doorframes were sometimes the only parts of these houses still standing. In modern houses, doorways may be no stronger than any other part of the house and do little to protect you from falling debris. Safer under a table. http://myhazards.caloes.ca.gov/ Source: USGS, 2018
RECOVERY / AFTER E-QUAKE Well-being depends on your ability to cope with rearranging your life & environment • Check for injuries before helping others • Protect mouth, nose, eyes from dust • Bleeding – direct pressure on the wound – use clean gauze or cloth (if available) (Stop the bleed training) • Do not move seriously injured persons, unless immediate danger • Put out small fires (if possible) • If suspect a gas leak – turn off • Damage electrical wiring – shut off power @ main breaker • Stay away from down utility lines • Beware of spills • Damage masonry – do not use damage fireplace with a damage chimney Contact your insurance Take care of yourself to prevent stress-related illnesses
Contact Us Any Questions Phone Email / Website University Police Department (415) 405 0424 eprep@sfsu.edu San Francisco State University (415) 338 7200 juarez@sfsu.edu 1600 Holloway Avenue (415) 338 3904 https://upd.sfsu.edu/content/eprep San Francisco, CA 94132
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