Rethinking)the) landscape0 Carys Swanwick Landscape Forward Symposium Newcastle 18 th March 2015 1
Four)themes0 • In between landscapes • Thinking outside the box • Language of landscape • Future generations 2
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• An in between landscape • A landscape in decline 13
Monitoring Landscape Change in England and Wales Measured change Between 1940s … . … . and 1980 14
Monitoring Landscape Change in National Parks Change between 1970s and 1980s 15
Changing Landscapes Countryside Quality Counts • Between 1990 and 1998 about 40% of our landscapes were either stable or showed changes in elements that were consistent with existing descriptions of countryside character. • For 23% of our landscapes the changes were marked and inconsistent with these changes. * • In the remaining 37% of our landscapes, the changes were inconsistent but were of less significance for overall character 16
Changing Landscapes CQEL East Midlands Region One of the highest * regional proportions of ‘diverging’ landscapes 17
Thinking)outside)the)box) 0 18
National)Forest ) 0 19
20 Photo courtesy National Forest Company
21 Photo courtesy National Forest Company
• Almost 8.5 million trees planted since 1995 and 6,931ha of new Forest created • Forest cover increased from an initial 6% to 19.8% across the 200 square miles of the forest - aim to increase this to around a third cover at the completion of planting • 80% of the total Forest creation achieved has open public access • Over 2,150ha of habitats important for wildlife created or brought back into management • 96km (59.6 miles) of new hedgerows planted and over 150 new wildlife ponds created 22
• 271,000 people have participated in Forest-related events • 10,000 people involved in Plant a Tree events since 2001 • Over 45 new sport and recreation facilities created including fishing, mountain biking, orienteering, carriage driving, cross country horseriding and sledging • 102km of new cycleways have been created • Tourism now worth £336m pa - an increase from £286m in 2003 • 7.2 million visitors to the National Forest in 2013 and 4,561 tourism related job • Over £1million has been raised from business sponsorship and donations from the public. 23
24 Photo courtesy National Forest Company
25 Photo courtesy National Forest Company
26 Photo courtesy National Forest Company
National)Trust 0 27
A healthy, beautiful environment " The$picture$of$Hafod$Y$Llan$from$Helen’s$ AGM$speech$(Ka<e$Knowles$can$source)$ What will we do? • Invest in getting all of our land into a good condition • Develop, test and promote a new economic model for land management • Invest in a suite of landscape scale partnership projects 28 Page 28 National Trust
Seven big landscape scale projects 1. South West coast 2. Lakes 3. Migneint 4. West Sussex landscapes (South Downs) 5. High Peak / Clear Lakes 6. Bure Valley (Blickling & Felbrigg) 7. Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire All will be part of thinking and testing what can be done in partnership Page 29 29 National Trust
Help shape the places people live " Leave to Matt What might we do? • Test sustainable models for looking after urban green space • Test our role in helping cities improve heritage and green space management • and …… ?? 30 Page 30 National Trust
Sheffield$Botanical$Gardens$ were$awarded$£5.06$million$ under$the$Urban$Parks$Programme$ Had$to$be$matched$by$£1.22$million$ raised$locally$and$£0.41$million$$ of$work$in$kind$ $$$ Sheffield Botanical Gardens is the only public open space in the country where the voluntary sector has raised more than £1 million in match funding. It#might#need#something#like# £100#million#to#endow#all## Sheffield’s#Parks#and#Greenspaces# 31 31$
National)Grid 0 32
VISUAL IMPACT PROVISION National Grid is funded by a price • How we intend to reduce the control mechanism which is agreed visual impact of existing electricity transmission lines in National Parks and with and set by Ofgem, the Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty electricity and gas markets regulator The new price controls and • incentives include a provision of £500 million for electricity transmission owners to mitigate the visual impact of existing electricity infrastructure in nationally protected landscapes in Great Britain For National Grid this means • considering the visual amenity of our existing infrastructure in National Parks and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs) This is the ‘Visual Impact Provision’ • 33
The Approach National Grid’s policy document set out plans for using the allowance. These included: • setting up an independently chaired Stakeholder Advisory Group to help National Grid set the priorities for spending the £500m; • substantial engagement with organisations and communities not on the advisory group; and • decision making based on a series of Guiding Principles. 34
Stakeholder Advisory Group • Four meetings so far • Will meet two or three times a year until 2016 35
Scale of work VIP Project Technical Report Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment October 2014 We have assessed: • 50 sections of line • in 26 designated areas • further divided into 122 subsections, each separately assessed • plus a further 6 sections of line adjacent to 4 additional designated landscapes • divided into 8 more subsections • overall 56 sections, 130 subsections • around 600 km of line assessed 36 13
Visual Impact Provision Visual Impact Provision Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment The Outcomes Joe Turner | Consents Officer 37
Candidate Sub-Sections for more detailed assessment Tamar Valley YF1 4.20 km Peak District ZO4 5.56 km Dorset 4YA7 5.10 km Peak District ZO2 2.37 km Peak District ZO 3 3.60 km Brecon Beacons 4YU3 4.70 km North Wessex Downs YYM4 6.80 km Snowdonia 4ZC1 7.07 km Dorset 4VN2 3.60 km Dorset 4YA5 2.60 km High Weald 4ZJ1 4.50 km New Forest 4YB2 3.60 km (Bold ones have one score of 10, red bold has two scores of 10) TOTAL LENGTH 53.40km 38
Tamar Valley YF.1 Peak District 4ZO.4 Dorset 4YA.7 Peak District 4ZO.2 39
Peak District 4ZO.3 Brecon Beacons 4YU.3 North Wessex Downs YYM.4 Snowdonia 4ZC.1 40
Dorset VN.2 Dorset 4YA.5 High Weald ZJ.1 New Forest 4YB.2 41
View over ‘Battle of Hastings’ registered battlefield 42
Options Appraisal ! Grid team now running meetings in each candidate area, including stakeholder meetings and public meetings ! Identifying technical options for each ! Report on each will go to SAG in September when we will have to select the shortlist of 4 or 5 for full technical and environmental appraisal ! Not yet clear which ones are favourites….. 43
Landscape Enhancement Scheme ! SAG and Ofgem have agreed that £24million of funds can be used to pay for a grant scheme ! £4 million a year for 6 years ! 30 affected areas can bid in to this via AONB and NP authorities ! Will be a significant boost to resources in times of austerity 44
HS2)Landscape)Vision0 Courtesy Kathryn Moore BCU and Landscape Magazine 45
The)Language)of)Landscape0 46
“not a language that has been made by elites for elites” “not a language that has been made by elites for elites” “one spoken by walkers and by workers” “one spoken by walkers and by workers” 47
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Figure 1: Public understanding of the terms ‘nature’ and ‘natural environment’ (from - Central Office of Information and Defra, 2007. Public understanding of the concepts and language around ecosystem services and the natural environment. Defra. London. pp.83). )0 Greenery Greenery Purity Purity • Leaves • Leaves Components Components • Fresh air • Fresh air • Trees • Trees • Sea • Sea • Clean air • Clean air • Grass • Grass • Mountains • Mountains • Cleanliness • Cleanliness • Bark • Bark • Fields • Fields • Plants • Plants • Open spaces • Open spaces • Fruit • Fruit • Forests • Forests • Rivers • Rivers • Air • Air Wildlife Wildlife • Beaches • Beaches Nature Nature • Countryside • Countryside • Animals • Animals • Flora and fauna • Flora and fauna • Birds • Birds • Insects • Insects • Woodland • Woodland • Scenery • Scenery • Fish • Fish ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- • Wildlife • Wildlife Climate Climate Natural Natural • The planet • The planet • Farms/zoos – • Farms/zoos – (minority younger/ (minority younger/ • Earth • Earth • Seasons • Seasons • Not man made • Not man made urban) urban) • Untouched • Untouched • No buildings • No buildings 50
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