CCOP-GSJ/AIST-GAI CASM-Asia Workshop on the State-of-the Art of Science and Technology to Protect the Environment and People Result of ASM data collection (Mongolia) Dr. B.Tumenbayar*, J. Uramgaa*, T. Maidar * BEMM/Sans Frontiere Progres (NGO) 27-29 November 2006, Bandung, Indonesia
ASM Survey covered • Province (Aimag ) 14 • Sub province (Soum) 37 • ASM mining site (target material/element) 45 – Gold 34 – Coal 5 – Fluorite 4 – Mercury 1 – Tin 1
Deposit types of artisanal miners � Gold a) Hard rock (Quartz-Vein) b) Placer (Alluvial, Prolluvial) � Fluorspat Hard rock (Epithermal Vein) � Coal Placer � Tin Placer � Mercury Placer (anthropogenic)
Gold distribution and ASM location (2004)
Geology and metallogenic province (gold) By Tumenbayar B. Uramga J. on the basis of Tectonic Map of Mongolia (1990)
ASM Mining technology • Hand digging (100%) 45
ASM processing methods • Dry panning 4 • Milling with mercury 17 • Panning in the water 14 • Cyanide n/a
ASM Refining technology • Hand separation 10 • Hg amalgamation 17 • Panning 18 • Cyanide usage (keeping in secret) n/a
Milling quartz with Mercury
ASM area environmental degradation /hazards • High 27/15 • Middle 10/11 • Low 8/19 ASM Health issues concerned •Very high 3 •High 15 •Middle 3 •Low 23
Social aspect • Number of artisamal miners covered 8966 • Approximate ratio of child miners/worker 1/15 • Approximate ratio of women miner/worker 1/8 Indigenous issues •Environment 9 •Health, environment 36 Total 45
7 years old boy is panning for gold. Uyanga Soum in Ovorkhangai Aimag . Spring 2003. ( Photo: Tumenbayar.B) .
Relationship between large mining company and ASM mining site • Very bad 5 • Bad 9 • Low 3 • N/A (means mostly bad) 28 Total 45
ASM hazards
ASM health issues concerned
Mercury pollution (2000)
Environmental degradation of ASM site (2006)
Үр удмаа хамгаалъя Ìèíàìàòà õîò,ßïîí (1956) Сүмбэр , Монгол (2000)
Thank you CASM Asia
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