Response Prompting See school door. Open door and walk through. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

2/24/2017 Stimulus and Response Remember that every behavior is preceded by a stimulus and followed by a consequence. Stimulus Response Bus stops, driver opens door, people Get out of the bus. get up. Response Prompting See school door. Open door and walk through. See boss or fellow employee Greet boss or fellow employee by to Teach Employment Skills (hear/see greeting). waving. Dawn A. Rowe, Ph.D. See list of work tasks for the day. Start completing task on list. Research Assistant Professor/Technical Assistance Provider University of Oregon National Technical Assistance Center on Transition General Classes of Prompt Prompting Procedures • Response prompting is a Stimulus Prompts Response Prompts valuable strategy in which • Embedded in the materials • Provided by the teacher a prompt follows the • Color coding correct • Tell student how to respond stimulus to increase the answer – Verbal prompt likelihood of a correct • Position cue • Show the student how to response. • Making correct answer respond • Initially prompts are given more salient – Model prompt to obtain a students • Guide the student to make response, but then faded the motor response to shift control of the – Physical prompt students response to the natural stimuli. Brown, McDonnell, & Snell, 2016 NTACT LERN: Response Prompting 1

2/24/2017 Overview of Prompting Continued Prompting Hierarchy There are all different types of prompts. Natural Natural Cue Cue Sample Instructional prompts Example Gesture prompts • Pointing Gesture Gesture • Nonverbal prompts • head nods • hand motions Verbal prompts • Read the word restroom. Verbal Verbal • Specific verbal prompts • Pick up the spoon. • Nonspecific verbal prompts • Turn the page. Visual/Picture Visual/Picture • How do we keep the story going? Pictorial prompts • Picture schedule of the events of the day • Words, symbols, signs • Picture and word instructions for a task (e.g., Model Model • Match to sample picture of student at community-based employment training site) Model prompts • Peer demonstrates turning a page. Physical (Partial) Physical (Partial) • Teacher demonstrates using a paper towel to dry hands. Full Physical Full Physical Physical prompts • A tap to the elbow to encourage a choice for lunch • Partial • Hand over hand assistance for writing the first letter • Full of name Brown, McDonnell, & Snell, 2016; Wolery et al., 1992 Commonly Used Response Prompts Video Examples Systems System of Simultaneous Most to Least Least Prompts Prompts Prompts Graduated Constant Progressive Guidance Time Delay Time Delay Brown, McDonnell, & Snell, 2016 NTACT LERN: Response Prompting 2

2/24/2017 General Guidelines for Using System of Least Prompts Prompts Natural Natural 1. Select the least intrusive prompt(s) that is effective for the Cue Cue student and the task (combine prompts if necessary). 2. Highlight the natural stimuli. Gesture Gesture 3. Generally wait a brief period of time before and after the prompt so that learners have a chance to respond without Verbal Verbal assistance. Response Latency 4. Avoid repeating a prompt for the same response. (3s, 5s) Visual/Picture Visual/Picture 5. Prompt only when the student is attending. 6. Develop a plan to fade prompts as soon as possible. Model Model 7. Do not introduce prompts unnecessarily. 8. Reinforce a student for responding correctly to a prompt during early acquisition. Physical (Partial) Physical (Partial) Full Physical Full Physical Brown, McDonnell, & Snell, 2016; Wolery et al., 1992 System of Least Prompts System of Least Response Begin Examples NO YES END Is Student Attending? YES Another Trial? NO Get Students Attention. YES Give instructional Cue. Last step of NO Wait 3-5 seconds task analysis? NO YES Correct Record “ + ” Reinforce Response? Give Verbal Instruction. Wait 3-5 seconds. nalysis YES Correct ask A Record “ V ” Reinforce Response? tep in T NO ext S Model correct response while providing verbal instructions. N Wait 3-5 seconds NO YES Record Is Student Reinforce “ M ” Attending? NO Physically guide student through correct response while providing verbal Record “ P ” Reinforce instructions. See Additional Handouts Collins, 2012; Snell & Brown, 2010 NTACT LERN: Response Prompting 3

2/24/2017 Most to Least Prompting Continued Most-to-Least Prompts Natural Natural Cue Cue Gesture Gesture Verbal Verbal Visual/Picture Visual/Picture Model Model This pattern continues for several sessions Physical (Partial) Physical (Partial) YES Record “P” Reinforce before switching to a less intrusive response Full Physical Full Physical Brown, McDonnell, & Snell, 2016; Wolery et al., 1992 Collins, 2012; Snell & Brown, 2010 If you need more information about Most-to-Least Response Response Prompting… Examples • ADEPT Module, Lesson 7, 8: http://media.mindinstitute.org/education/ADEPT/Module1 Menu.html • Autism Internet Modules: http://www.autisminternetmodules.org/mod_intro.php?m od_id=43 • NTACT : http://transitionta.org/effectivepractices NTACT LERN: Response Prompting 4