RESCOM Summer School Internet-of-Things (IoT) Technologies for Smarter Cities John Soldatos (jsol@ait.gr) AIT Lyon, June 23rd, 2015
Internet-of-Things Blend into Uniquely Business and Identifiable Social Objects Processes Physical & Interoperable Virtual Protocols Objects IoT 2
Number of Internet Connected Objects 3
IoT Application Areas Source: J. Gubbi et al. / Future Generation Computer Systems 29 (2013) 1645 – 1660 4
Sample IoT Application (OGC Standards) Sensor Observation Service SensorML System (SOS) - Thermometer(s) - Ice/Water Dispenser Switch Sensor Planning Service (SPS) - Door Switch - RFID Reader SOS Sensor Alert Service (SAS) Web Notification Service (WNS) SPS SAS SWE Client Smart Appliances SWE Smart Agents WNS 5 5
Smart Cities Human Sustainable Participatory Invest in Based on towards Capital Development Governance Intellectual & Economy Improved Social Growth Management Capital of Natural Quality of Resources Infrastructure Life (incl. ICT) 6
Smart Cities Market Source: Frost & Sullivan “Global Smart City Market – A $1.5 Trillion Market Opportunity by 2020”, Market Report, September 2013. Expected market growth: From $6.1 billion annually in 2012 to $20.2 billion in 2020 (i.e. 16.2% CAGR) Dominant Areas: Energy, transportation, government 7
Smart Cities Stakeholders & Roles Source: Smart City Framework, Cisco, 2012 8
Smart Cities and Internet of Things Smart Cities are based on broadband and IoT infrastructures (e.g., sensors) Smart City Applications Handle Data Streams (from different information), and deal with multiple events Smart Applications (Smart Home, Smart Transport, Smart Buildings, Smart Police Activiies,...) Environment for Integrated Surveillance (leverage sensors from municipalities, city authorities, community sensors...) 9
Smart Cities - Data Processing & Analytics Source: JScottish Cities Alliance, “Smart Cities Maturity Model and Self - ‐ Assessment Tool”, Guidance Note for completion of Self - ‐ Assessment Tool January, 2015 10
Maturity Models Phase 1 – Digital Phase 2 – Phase 3 – Infrastructure Services Services Development Integration & • Broadband Networks Citizens Sensor Networks, • Smart Energy, Smart (Public Open Data) Participation Transport, Urban • Certification & Mobility • Integration and Validation of • Stakeholders’ Reusability of Data & Infrastructures Involvement Services • Digital City • “Smart City” • Citizens’ Engagement • Integrated Smart City 11
Challenge: Smart Cities Silos Integration The integration of the silos could maximize the ROI of the usually (costly) investments in urban infrastructures 12
ΙοΤ / Cloud Convergence • Convergence IoT Between IoT and Cloud Computing – Allow IoT applications to leverage the benefits of the Cloud • Challenge – Conflicting properties of IoT (e.g., WSN) and Cloud IoT/Sensors Cloud Computing Performance Capacity • Location specific • Location • Resource independent • Wealth of constrained, IoT in the inexpensive • Expensive Cloud resources (development/ • Rapid elasticity deployment cost) • Generally • Flexibility inflexible (resource access Elasticity Utility-Driven and availability) 13
Sensor Clouds and IoT Clouds • Streaming of Sensor / WSN data in a cloud infrastructure (2005-2009) (Mainly Research Efforts) • Advent of Public IoT Clouds (2007+ including commercial efforts) e.g.,: – Xively (xively.com) – ThingsWorx (www.thingworx.com) – ThingsSpeak (thingspeak.com) – Sensor-Cloud (www.sensor-cloud.com) – Realtime.io (https://realtime.io/) – ... And many more 14
Lack of Semantic Interoperability • Most Sensor Clouds focus on the integration of data streams within the cloud • Including a syntactic harmonization of the data streams • Use of CSV, XML, JSON format • Suitable for Intra-Enterprise Applications • Lack of semantic interoperability • Foundation for Inter-Enterprise Applications in global IoT • Common Semantics – Uniform / Global Discovery of IoT Resources • Foundation for Integrated Smart City Applications that bridge existing silos 15
Ontologies for IoT Semantic Interoperability Semantic Interoperability Reasoning Algorithms • Distributed and Heterogeneous Data Sources • Intelligent Selection & Filtering of Sensors • Diverse Data Streams • Intelligent Selection & Filtering of Sensor Data • Common Semantics Needed • Use of Reasoners • Solution: Semantic Annoitation (W3C • RDF/OWL Ontology (W3C SSN + Linked Semantic Standards for sensors Ontology) Data) provide a uniform way for representing and reasoning over heterogeneous data streams 16
OpenIoT Project (openiot.eu) Cloud Computing Management Contract No.: 287305 Objective: ICT-2011.1.3 Data Privacy Internet-connected Objects and Security EC Contribution: € 2,455,000.00 Sensor Mobility Project Start Date: 1/12/2011 Duration: 36 months Linked Data Internet of Things Open Source Open Source Cloud Solution for the Internet of Things! 17
OpenIoT Architecture 18
Discover Present Monitor Authenticate OpenIoT Interoperability Define Architecture Present Configure Present 19
What can I do with OpenIoT? Visual IoT Service Definition & IoT Service Deployment Dynamic Visualization Sensor/ICO (via Discovery Mashups) Sensor/ICO Resource IoT Platform Deployment Management Architecture & & and Capabilities Registration Optimization 20
Sensor & ICO Registration OpenIoT can integrated virtually any ICO through X-GSN Support for both physical sensors (e.g., cameras, microphones, temp etc.) and virtual sensors (e.g., algorithm, twitter streams) If a low level is available the process involves editing a simple metadata file Impelementation of drivers for not supported sensors is a matter of 1-2 man days effort Deployed ICOs publish their data according to OpenIoT (W3 SSN) ontology via LSM 21
Dynamic Sensor & ICOs Discovery Dynamic ICOs and Sensors Look-up Takes place through the Scheduler Discovery Citeria including ICO/sensor type and location The Discoverer component (LSM) is deployed in the cloud SPARQL is used for accessing both sensor data and meta-data (dynamically) 22
Visual IoT Service Definition & Development OpenIoT provides the means for dynamically selecting sensors/ICOs and synthesizing their data into services The «Request Presentation» visual tool (part of OpenIoT IDE) provides a zero- programming interfaces The tool enables validation and deployment of the service Filter & Combine Select Sinks for Validate & Deploy on Select Sensors/ICOs Sensors/ICOs Visualization/Presentation OpenIoT middleware 23
OpenIoT is an Open Source Project Open • http://github.com/openiot/OpenIoT • Open Source Release of OpenIoT Source software (3rd Quarter 2013) • OpenIoT reseleased under LGPL v3.0 (Business Friendly) License • Ensures compatibility with background libraries/projects Governan • Master-governed planning • Masters (OpenIoT partners) defined for ce major subprojects 24
OpenIoT at github As of 22/01/2014 OpenIoT had: • • COCOMO model: mostly written in Java estimated 28 man-years of effort • • 960 commits first commit in April, 2013 • 13 contributors Version Blank Comment Code Total Lines Lines Lines Lines OpenIoT v1.0 total Lines ( 22/01/2014 ) 23,491 34,081 109,517 177,621 OpenIoT new total Lines 8,314 10,652 37,997 58,044 Other non-OpenIoT total Lines (XGSN + 15,177 23,428 71,520 110,125 CUPUS) Other non-OpenIoT new Lines 1,021 3,327 5,114 9,452 25
OpenIoT awarded Open Source Rookie by Black Duck OpenIoT OpenIoT project project receiver receiver of of the the ” Black D Duck R Rookie o of t the Y Year OPEN IoT OpenIoT Architecture 2013 2013 ” An Open Source Cloud Solution for the Internet of Things www.openiot.eu http://www.blackducksoftware.com/news/releases/ EU FP7-ICT-2011-7 STREP 287305 2013 https://github.com/OpenIotOrg/openiot 26
FP7 VITAL Project (www.vital-iot.eu) The VITAL project (EU FP7 - 608682) is financially supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007- 2013). Project Number: 608682 Project Acronym/Title: VITAL Call (part) Identifier: FP7-SMARTCITIES-2013 Duration in months: 36 Starting date: 01.09.2013 Total Project Costs: 4,190,359.00 € Requested EU contribution: 2,695,000.00 € Project website: http://vital-iot.eu 27
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