RENEW RENEWABLE ENERG BLE ENERGY TECHNOL TECHNOLOGIES GIES AN OVER AN OVERVIEW VIEW Vipin Bhandari ED (Projects) Engineers India Limited 1
EIL BACKGROUND � One of India’s leading engineering consultancy and EPC companies Marquee Projects � Nearly five decades of experience on landmark projects with global BPCL Refinery, energy majors Kochi � Significant track record across entire Oil & Gas value chain including 10 Green-field Refineries, 37 Oil & Gas Processing Plants, 40 Offshore Process Platforms, 42 Pipelines and 7 Petrochemical Complexes � Focused diversification into other sectors: 125 MW Solar Thermal Power � Nuclear and Solar Energy Project � Strategic Crude Oil Storage � E&P � Fertilizer � LNG Panipat Naphtha Cracker Unit � Non-Ferrous Metallurgy � Infrastructure � Over 2,900 highly experienced professional and technical workforce � In-house and collaborative R&D support with 14 registered patents Guru Gobind Singh � Expanding overseas presence in Middle East, Africa & South East Asia Refinery, Bathinda � Zero debt firm with track record of healthy earnings and consistent dividend payout 2
LINES OF BUSINESS Oil & Gas Chemicals & Metallurgy Strategic Oil and Gas Refinery Mining and Petrochemicals Fertilizer Storage, Processing Metallurgy Terminals and Offshore & Pipelines Onshore Infrastructure Power Urban City Gas Water and Waste Solar Nuclear Thermal Development Management 3
EIL IN RENEWABLES � Engineering and Technical consultancy services to Areva Solar for 125 MWe Solar Thermal Power Project of Reliance Infrastructure Limited (ADAG) � Project Management Services for 5 MWe Solar PV Project of GAIL under NSM Phase-1 Batch-2 WABLE 4
EIL IN RENEWABLES � DPR for pilot plant of Compressed Biogas from Municipal Sewage for Swedish Energy Agency � Report on Cost Reduction for Wind Mills and Aerogenerators for MNRE � EIL is a Member of Technical Committee of C-WET 5
WHY RENEWABLES This is why we need to work on CO 2 6
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPERATIVES 7
PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND FORECASTS 8
TOTAL FINAL ENERGY BY SOURCES BY 2060 Oil PV 5% 13% Gas and coal 8% Baseload 7% CSP 18% Biofuels 13% Solar fuels 1% Solar heat 4% Biomass heat 6% Geothermal heat Wind 1% 18% Hydropower 6% SOURCE: IEA 9
GLOBAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY 2060 SOURCE: IEA 10
CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS BASELINE – � � Business-as-usual Growth 2005 - 2050 GDP x 4 Final & Primary energy use x 2 Electricity demand x 2.5 Energy CO 2 emissions x 2.3 � Global Warming- by about 6ºC ACT - Bring back carbon emissions to 2005 levels by 2050 � BLUE - Reduce carbon emissions by 2050 to a level that is � half of level in 2005 to limit global warming to 2 to 2.4ºC 11
GLOBAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION UNDER SCENARIOS 12
SHARE OF RENEWABLES UNDER SCENARIOS 13
EMISSION REDUCTIONS BY RENEWABLES Courtesy: ETP 2010 14
RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION FOR BLUE MAP SCENARIO Courtesy: ETP 2008 15
EMISSION ABATEMENT BY RENEWABLES 16
PRESENT STATUS OF RENEWABLES IN INDIA AND WORLD TECHNOLOGY CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE INSTALLED TILL JUL 13 INSTALLED TILL (MW) INDIA 2012 (MW) WORLD SOLAR 1,889 1,02,500 WIND 19,661 2,83,000 SMALL HYDRO 3,707 9,90,000 (Hydro) BIOGAS 1,265 3,50,000 WASTE TO 96 ENERGY 17
RENEWABLE ENERGY MEDIUM TERM POTENTIAL INDIA TECHNOLOGY CAPACITY (MW) SOLAR PV 50,000 45,000 WIND SMALL HYDRO 15,000 BIOGAS 6,100 COGENERATION BAGASSE 5,000 WASTE TO ENERGY 7,000 18
RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLATIONS PLANNED IN FUTURE TECHNOLOGY 12th FIVE YEAR PLAN 13th FIVE YEAR PLAN (MW) (MW) SOLAR 9,000 16,000 WIND 11,000 11,000 SMALL HYDRO 1,600 1,500 BIOGAS, 2,100 2,000 BAGASSE AND WASTE TO ENERGY 19
KEY GROWTH DRIVERS FOR RENEWABLES IN INDIA � Increased energy demand � Climate Change � Government Initiatives � Substantial Potential for Renewable Energy in India � Faster and Efficient Implementation of Renewable Energy Certificates � Carbon Trading as a Source of Revenue Economics � � Insurance against future price of fuel 20
INDIA’S NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE Eight National Missions of the National Action Plan � National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency � � National Mission on Sustainable Habitat � National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem � � National Mission for a Green India � National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture � National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate change 21
SOLAR ENERGY PERSPECTIVES In 90 Minutes, enough sunlight strikes the earth to provide the entire planet’s energy needs for one year…….. IEA 22
SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY � In April 2013, Solar Impulse -- a solar-powered plane that could fly day and night without the use of fuel -- completed its historic cross-country journey at New York City’s John F. Kennedy International Airport 23
SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY � The Turanor PlanetSolar, the world's largest solar boat, travels on the Seine river in Sevres, outside Paris on Sept. 10, 2013. The PlanetSolar with its 537 square meters of photovoltaic panels powering 6 blocks of lithium-ion batteries, accomplished the first around the world trip powered only by solar energy in May 2012 24
PV TECHNOLOGY STATUS AND PROSPECTS 25
SOLAR PV ENERGY � In April 2013, Solar Impulse -- a solar-powered plane that flies day and night without the use of fuel -- completed its historic cross-country journey at New York City’s John F. Kennedy International Airport. 26
SOLAR PV ENERGY TRENDS � Three Junction (Concentrator) – 43.5 % efficiency targeted to achieve � Three Junction (Non-Concentrator) – 34.1 % efficiency targeted to achieve � Two Junction (Concentrator) – 32.6 % efficiency targeted to achieve � Single Junction Single Crystal– 26.4 % efficiency targeted to achieve Single Junction Concentrator– 29.1 % efficiency targeted to achieve � � Single Junction Thin Film– 28.8 % efficiency targeted to achieve � Crystalline Si Cells Single Crystal –25.0 % efficiency targeted to achieve � Crystalline Si Cells Multi-crystalline –20.4 % efficiency targeted to achieve � Crystalline Si Cells Si Hetero Structure–23.0 % efficiency targeted to achieve � Thin Film Technology Cu Se2-20.3% efficiency targeted to achieve � Thin Film Technology Cd Te-17.3% efficiency targeted to achieve � Thin Film Technology Amorphous Si-13.4% efficiency targeted to achieve 27
PV Cells….. Theoretical projections # Junctions in Cells 1 Sun µ Maximum Concentration µ 1 Junction 30.8% 40.8% 2 Junction 42.9% 55.7% 3 Junction 49.3% 63.8% n Junctions 68.2% 86.8% PROS • Multi junction devices are one of the approaches to exceed single junction efficiencies • For 50% efficiency, 5 junctions shall be needed assuming 80% absorption is possible CONS • The tandem approach is limited by the availability of stable materials of desired band gaps • Concentration poses challenges in acceptance angle and thermal management as the degree of concentration is increased 28
SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES PARABOLIC TROUGH CENTRAL TOWER CLFR PARABOLIC DISH 29
SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY CLASSIFICATION TOWER TROUGH FEATURES FEATURES • High Temperature • Bankability • High Efficiency • Limited Efficiency • Less ground area • End of Engineering DISH CLFR FEATURES FEATURES • Much higher temperature • Lower cost solution • High maintenance • Most land efficient requirement • Ease of construction 30
CSP TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON Solar Thermal (CSP) Technologies Parameter Parabolic Fresnel Reflector Solar Tower Solar Dish Trough (CFLR) Site Solar Characteristics/ Solar Generally sites with annual sum of DNI larger than 1800 kWh/m 2 radiation required Land Requirement Typically 5-7 acres/ MW Typical shape of solar Rectangle Sector of a Rectangle Rectangle plant circle/ Rectangle Water Requirement Typically 4 cu.m/ MWhr 270 deg C Maximum 400 deg C 800 deg C 400 deg C possible up to Temperature 560 deg C ~ 17% possible ~ 15% ~ 22-24% ~ 14% Efficiency up to 22% 31
EFFICIENCY COMPARISON 32
WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Top 10 wind power countries Total capacity Country end 2012 (MW) China 75,564 United 60,007 States Germany 31,332 Spain 22,796 India 19,564 United 8,445 Kingdom Italy 8,144 France 7,196 Canada 6,200 Portugal 4,425 Rest of 39,852 world Total 282,482 33
WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 6 MW offshore wind turbines (Siemens) installed at the UK's Gunfleet Sands wind farm Enercon's E126 7.5 MW is the biggest wind turbine in the world 34
TRENDS IN OFFSHORE WIND POWER 35
WIND ENERGY Courtesy : RolandBerger 36
WIND ENERGY Courtesy : RolandBerger 37
SOLAR TO HYDROGEN 38
SOLAR TO HYDROGEN SOLAR ENERGY CONCENTRATED THERMAL ENERGY PHOTOVOLTAIC BIO ‐ PHOTOLYSIS MECHANICAL TO ELECTRICAL WATER FOSSIL SOLAR FUEL THERMO PHOTO ‐ ELECTROLYSIS SOLAR (Natural CHEMICAL ELECTROLYSIS THERMOLYSIS CYCLES gas, coal, oil) SOLAR SOLAR CRACKING SOLAR REFORMING GASIFICATION CO2/C SEQUESTRATION SOLAR HYDROGEN 39
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