Regional Pacific NDC Hub: what it means for climate action ? Christine Fung Senior Technical Adviser / Regional Pacific NDC Hub Coordinator ( Interim ) SPC/GIZ Coping with Climate Change in the Pacific Island Region Programme July 2019
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) - the What and the Why
Aim of the Paris Agreement (Article 2) 1. ... to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty , including by: (a) Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels,[…]; (b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development , in a manner that does not threaten food production ; and (c) Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.
Paris Agreement Nationally Determined (Article 2) 1. ... to strengthen Contributions 45% reduced the global response emissions Efforts by countries to to the threat of (from 2010 climate change, in reduce emissions and levels) by 2030 the context of adapt to climate change – sustainable Net-zero national climate action development and efforts to eradicate GHG plans including climate poverty , including related targets, policies and emissions by by: measures (a) .. limit the 2050 and temperature increase to 1.5 °C Climate NDC above pre-industrial levels,[…]; Resilience EXPRESS (b) Increasing the … on the basis of ability to adapt … equity, and in the foster climate context of sustainable resilience … low greenhouse gas development and emissions efforts to eradicate development , not poverty threaten food production ; (c) finance flows
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“We have one ultimate goal as a civilization if we are to avoid the worst impacts of climate change: to limit global temperatures to 1.5 degrees. WE ARE DREADFULLY OFF COURSE.” Patricia Espinosa, Executive Secretary, UNFCCC June 2019
TEMPERATURES CONTINUE TO RISE! … we are on track for 2015-2019 to be the warmest five years on record (WMO, June 2019) • Call for increased climate action • Urgently need more ambitious NDCs aligned to the 1.5degC goal • More support to vulnerable regions and nations • Need for increased climate financing … All in the context of sustainable development and a Just Transition
UN Climate Summit SDG Goals Limit global emissions by 45%
Pacific Island Countries NDC • First submission in 2015 • Next round of submissions in 2020 • Marshall Islands first country in the world to submit second NDC (November 2018) • Most Pacific Island Countries currently reviewing NDCs for more ambitious targets, including inclusion of other sectors
Pacific Island Countries current NDCs - Overview Energy Adaptation Loss & AFOLU / Damage Maritime/ coastal Cook Electricity; Renewable Energy Reference to national plans Mentioned Islands - 50% of islands transformed from diesel based to renewable Joint National Disaster Risk sourced electricity by 2015, to 100% coverage by 2020 Management and Climate - Unconditional target of 38% reduction by 2020. Change Adaptation Plan (JNAP) - Conditional reduction of 43% by 2030 - total reduction of is a five-year (2011–2015) 81% in the electricity sub sector. roadmap that is currently being - Base year 2006 updated to 2020 FSM Electricity and transport Does not see NDC as the - Unconditional: reduce by 2025 28% of its GHGs emissions vehicle to address its adaptation below emissions in year 2000. needs in the post 2020 context. - Conditional: an additional reduction up to 35% by 2025 Reference to other plans below emissions in the 2000 base year. - Base year 2000 Fiji Electricity Included (adaptation actions - Renewable energy share in electricity generation to defined) – strengthening approach 100% by 2030 from around 60% in 2013. resilience - Additional indicative reduction of 10% CO 2 emissions for energy efficiency - Target year: 2030 - Start year: 2020; End year: 2030
Energy Adaptation Loss & AFOLU / Maritime/ Damage coastal Kiribati Electricity and Transport Included, reference Maritime and coastal - reduce emissions by 13.7% by 2025 and 12.8% by 2030 to national plans sector including mangrove, compared to a BAU projection coastal vegetation and seagrass beds RMI Electricity Generation, Transport (land and shipping), Other Included – highly (2 nd Nov. (cooking and lighting), Waste conditional on 2018) - Quantified economy-wide target to reduce its emissions of external support greenhouse gases (GHG) to 32% below 2010 levels by Gender-responsive 2025. and human rights- - Indicative - 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 based approach in - …. achieving net zero GHG emissions by 2050 or earlier all NDC related if possible planning Nauru Renewable energy Main area of focus Included - Implementation of a 0.6 MW solar PV system which is - reference to expected to assist in unconditional reduction of national policies CO2 emissions marginal and plans Niue - 38% share of renewable energy of total electricity Included Mentioned – Forest generation by 2020 monitoring - 10% reduction in residential, commercial and government electricity demand by 2020. - Conditional upon additional international assistance - increase contribution to 80% share of renewable energy of total electricity generation, or to even higher levels, by 2025
Energy Adaptation Loss & AFOLU / Damage Maritime/ coastal Palau Electricity generation, transport and waste sectors Reference to NAP - Base year 2005 - 45% Renewable Energy target by 2025 - 35% Energy Efficiency target by 2025 Samoa Electricity Reference to NAP - Base year 2014 - 100% Renewable energy target for electricity generation through to the year 2025 - Conditional - Implementation period 2015 – 2025 Solomon Electricity: hydropower, solar, and geothermal plants Reference to NAPA, national Included Islands - 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level policies and upcoming by 2030 compared to a BAU projection projects (GCF) Tonga Transport; Agriculture; Waste Reference to JNAP, national Agriculture and - 50% of electricity generation from renewable sources by policies and plans forestry 2020. mentioned. - 70% of electricity generation from renewable sources by Reference to 2030 national plans
OVERVIEW OF SECTORS IN NDC OF 11 PICS & DECENT WORK? IN THE CONTEXT OF JUST TRANSITION AFOLU 2 MARITIME AND COASTAL SECTOR 3 LOSS AND DAMAGE 2 ADAPTATION 11 OTHER ENERGY (COOKING AND 1 LIGHTING) ENERGY - WASTE 3 ENERGY - TRANSPORT 5 ENERGY - ELECTRICITY 11 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Just Transition and Decent Work in NDCs • No specific mention in current NDCs • Opportune time now when review is taking place • Countries developing NDC roadmaps and low emissions development strategies… strong implications for the labour sector • Emphasising the call to “Leave no one behind” (SDG 2030) • Identifying entry points for ensuring Just Transition and Decent Work… …Regional Pacific NDC Hub
Functions of the Regional Pacific NDC Hub • Provide country and sector-specific technical assistance • Facilitate match-making of support to Pacific Island Countries for NDC implementation, enhancement, and financing • Support improved knowledge sharing and coordination between NDC Hub partners and other partners to ensure complementarity of support provided by multiple actors.
Output 5. NDC related information and knowledge, learning and partnership mechanisms enhanced to support NDC enhancement and implementation Strengthen participation in achieving the NDCs by promoting engagement and partnerships with public sector, private sector and civil society through dialogue events o Networking with the Private Sector to increase support and engagement in NDC development and implementation o Multi-stakeholder engagement in the planning and implementation of NDCs (planned workshop in October)
Some country support provided by the Hub
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