Refrigerant Consumption in Fishing Vessels operating in the Waters - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Refrigerant Consumption in Fishing Vessels operating in the Waters of Pacific Islands Countries MOP27 SIDE EVENT November 1, 2015, Conrad Hotel Dubai-UAE (Presentation via skype) ( yp ) Ribanataake Awira Fisheries Development Advisor Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency

Overview of presentation 1. 1. The The fisheries sector fisheries sector contribution to PICs contribution to PICs economies economies 2. Trend in the number of fishing vessels operating g p g in the FFA region 3. Types of refrigeration technology used technology used 4. Regional Estimation of HCFC usage 5. Implication of non- compliance and some concerns 6. Way forward

Contribution of Fisheries to PICs economies Contribution of Fisheries to PICs economies

Value of tuna catch taken from WCP-CA o For 2014 WCP-CA total tuna catch was o 2.6 million mt (worth USD5.5 bn) o Around 60% of catch from WCP- t h f WCP CA is from FFA waters o worth USD 3 bn o worth USD 3 bn. o 36% or USD1.1 bn is taken by FFA is taken by FFA fishing fleet. FFA database 2015

Target species and fishing methods o 4 key target species are species are skipjack, Yellowfin, Bigeye and Bigeye and Albacore o Main fishing g methods are Purse seine and seine and longline

Tuna markets and their value For the same year-2014 � Tuna loin imports by major markets in the US, Japan and EU is valued to more than USD 156 M to more than USD 156 M � Canned tuna trade by FFA member countries is almost exclusively to EU market, valued at USD 93 M � The value of sashimi and non-canned tuna trade with Japan and the US p was USD 81 M FFA database 2015

FFA database 2015 Access revenue from licensing

FFA database 2015 Employment opportunities in tuna fisheries development

FFA database 2015 Tuna fishing contribution to GDP

How many vessels out there in FFA countries waters How many vessels out there in FFA countries waters

Distribution by Gear Type GSR records for 3 rd March for 3 March 2015, listed a total of 1270 vessels FFA database 2015

FFA database 2015 Distribution by flags

Types of refrigeration technology in the yp g gy marine fishing sector

Purse seine vessels • Purse seine uses brine immersion freezing • The method is very ideal for quick freezing large quantity of i k f i l i f catch • Temperature of the brine T t f th b i solution is -18 o C • The refrigeration technologies The refrigeration technologies used are R22 and Ammonia.

Long line fishing vessels • Short ranged vessels uses RSW at -18 o C or ice RSW at 18 C or ice slurry • Long range uses a Long range uses a combination of RSW at - 18 o C and blast freezers - 70 o C. -40 o C for storage • 40 C for storage • Therefore require an highly efficient refrigerant highly efficient refrigerant = R22

Pole and line vessels • Like purse seine they also Like purse seine they also uses brine immersion at -18 o C at -18 C • The type of refrigeration technologies used: R22 technologies used: R22 and Ammonia

Fish Carriers � Blast freezers - � Blast freezers - 70 o C to -40 o C for storage � Therefore require an highly efficient refrigerant R22 refrigerant R22 � Type of refrigeration technology – R22 22 is dominant

Estimation of how much HCFC is used Estimation of how much HCFC is used

Age distribution of vessels operating in FFA waters and type of refrigerant used

Regional trend in the consumption of HCFC HCFC ‐ 22 holding capacity for various type of fishing vessels chartered and flagged in FFA member countries 230.00 234.00 245.00 275.00 250.00 225.00 MT uantity in M 200 00 200.00 175.00 150.00 125.00 100.00 Qu 75 00 75.00 50.00 25.00 5.00 0.00 Fish Carrier Long Line Pole and Line Purse seiner Type of vessel

Regional trend in the consumption of HCFC - contd

Implication of non Implication of non- -compliance and some concerns compliance and some concerns

Some concerns on non-compliance GSP + : THE GENERALIZED System of GSP + : THE GENERALIZED System of • Preferences Plus (GSP+) EU new trade arrangements that came into force on 1 January 2014 under Regulation (EU) No 978/2012. - Eligibility under Regulation (EU) No 978/2012. Eligibility criteria requires that a country complies to 27 international treaties • Under the Montreal Protocol: Trade sanctions can be imposed in such case of non-compliance.

27 treaties required under GSP+ 1.International Covenant on Civil and 10. Abolition of Forced Labour 19. Stockholm Convention on Convention (N o 105). Political Rights persistent Organic Pollutants 2.International Covenant on 11. Forced Compulsory Labour 20. Convention on International Trade Convention (N o 29) Economic Social and Cultural Economic Social and Cultural Convention (N 29) in Endangered Species in Endangered Species Rights 3.International Convention on 12. Equal Remuneration of Men and 21. Convention on Biological Elimination of All Forms of Racial Women Workers for Work Equal Diversity Value Convention (N o 100) Discrimination 4 Convention on the Elimination of 4.Convention on the Elimination of 13 Discrimination in Respect of 13. Discrimination in Respect of 22 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 22. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety All Forms of Discrimination Employment and Occupation Convention (N o 111) Against Women 5.Convention Against Torture and 14. Freedom of Association and 23. Kyoto Protocol to the UN Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Protection of the Right to Organise Framework Convention on Climate Convention (N o 87) Treatment or Punishment Treatment or Punishment Convention (N 87) Change Change 6.Convention on the Rights of the 15. Application of the Principles of 24. UN Single Convention on Child the Right to Organise and to Bargain Narcotic Drugs (1961) Collectively. Convention (N o 98) 7.Convention on the Prevention and 16. International Convention on the 25. UN Convention on Psychotropic Punishment of the Crime of Punishment of the Crime of Suppression and Punishment of the Suppression and Punishment of the Substances (1971) Substances (1971) Genocide Crime of Apartheid 8.Minimum Age for Admission to 17. Montreal Protocol on Substances 26. UN Convention against Illicit Employment (N o 138) that depletes the Ozone Layer Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988) 9. Prohibition and Immediate Action 18. Basel Convention on the Control 27. Mexico UN Convention Against g for the Elimination of the Worst of Transboundary Movements of Corruption Forms of Child Labour (N o 182) Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal.

Case example: Cost of retrofitting � R404A has proves to be very costly e.g. In Fiji, it cost one fishing company around US$60 000 to cost one fishing company around US$60,000 to retrofit one long line fishing vessel � Reduction in cooling efficiency e g a drop by � Reduction in cooling efficiency, e.g a drop by 15% of cooling efficiency as compared to R22 • Quick freezing is very critical to maintain good quality • Therefore quick freezing units will always require highly efficient cooling refrigerants � R404A has zero ODP but very high GWP of R404A has zero ODP but very high GWP of 3920 � Not the best option as alternative to R22 p

-forward forward Way- Way

Sustainable Development- Balancing Act � The tuna fisheries for the PIC region supports a billi billion (global) dollar industry ( l b l) d ll i d t � For many of the PIC this is the main economic resource they have resource they have. � The sustainability and successes of maintaining and developing this industry to maximise benefits and developing this industry to maximise benefits – depends entirely on refrigeration technology – no refrigeration no fisheries g � The sustainability of the marine-ecosytems depends entirely on a healthy ozone layer. p y y y � All PIC are Parties to the Montreal Protocol

Balancing act - contd • There is a need to do more in-depth study of the full fisheries cold chain management and on all refrigeration technologies – g g g there is no one size fits all • In the immediate need, HCFC usage (supply, use, demand) by the marine fishing sector at the national, regional and g , g international level has to be mapped and addressed • Look at the transitional cost implications, both economic and social. • There is a need to develop a holistic and comprehensive approach for the PIC guided by the sustainable development goals for this region: Economic: Social and Environmental--- g g • It can truly be said, that for this complex global industry: No refrigeration no fishery

Concluding Remarks