Raphael Krause, Florian Briechle, Martin Erdmann, Christian Glaser - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Raphael Krause, Florian Briechle, Martin Erdmann, Christian Glaser AERA Meeting at KIT February 2017

Outline  status calibration paper  submitted to JINST on 03.02.  submitted to arxiv on 05.02. arXiv: 1702.01392  calibration method  calibration setup using RPA  example measurement  LPDA pattern  influence on CR signals  LNA temperature dependency  summary AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 2 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Calibration Setup AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 3 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Measurement of |H φ | and |H θ | |H φ |: |H y |: |H z |: |H θ | = cos( θ )|H y | + sin( θ )|H z | AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 4 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Uncertainties of |H φ | at 55MHz and 42.5 ° AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 5 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

|H φ | - Combined Results  combination of 5 flights  simulation and measurement agree on a level of 10% overall uncertainty at 55MHz and 42.5 ° : 7.9%  AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 6 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

|H φ | - Correction Factor AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 7 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Influence of Modified Pattern on one Example Event  Run: 101044, Event: 171743  signal measured in 9 stations at AERA Θ = 30 ° , Φ = 14 °   E =1.1 * 10 18 eV AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 8 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Influence of Modified Pattern on one Example Event  up to 7% higher amplitude in EW at station with highest SNR  total energy fluence at station EW with highest SNR: 141 eV/m 2 → 156 eV/m 2  overall radiation energy: 7.96 MeV → 8.54 MeV AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 9 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Uncertainty of the Electric Field  uncertainty of the calibration  what is the impact of the calibration uncertainty on the reconstructed electric field?  uncertainty of the simulation  how stable is the simulation of the VEL to different ground conditions or environmental effects? AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 10 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Antenna Pattern Simulation  standard simulation:  conductivity: σ = 1.3 mS/m  relative permittivity: ε r = 5.5  new simulations:  σ = 0.5 mS /m … 5 mS/m  ε r = 2 … 10  elec. box included AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 11 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Antenna Pattern Simulation permittivity conductivity elec. box standard standard standard  conductivity nearly no influence on antenna VEL  influence of permittivity and elec. box: %-level AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 12 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Influence of Box and Ground on Antenna VEL permittivity: ε r =2  influence of ground: %-level  influence of box: small comp. to permittivity ε r =10 box: AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 13 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Uncertainty of Energy Fluence  use bandpass limited Dirac pulse adjusted according to the geomagnetic emission → E  VEL shifted by overall uncertainties/simulation → H up , H down  calculate U up , U down using H up , H down  reconstruct E up , E down from U up , U down using H  uncertainty from difference between E up , E down calibration: permittivity: AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 14 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Uncertainty of Energy Fluence  uncertainty increases with Θ  due to larger uncertainties of |H θ |  azimuthal pattern  at Φ =90 ° and Φ =270 ° : |H φ | contributes only quadratic AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 15 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

LNA Temperature Dependency sensor LNA AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 16 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

LNA Temperature Dependency 55 MHz 25 50 Time [h] a [dB/K] AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 17 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Summary  great effort to calibrate AERA with small uncertainties  measurement of the LPDA antenna VEL |H φ | and |H θ |  simulation and measurement agree on a 10% level in |H φ |  AERA calibration uncertainty of |H φ | at 55MHz and 42.5 ° : 7.9%  influence on one comsic-ray signal  uncertainties propagated to square root of energy fluence: 9.4% in median with Θ <60 °  FAL Calibration Paper:  submitted to JINST on 03.02.  submitted to Arxiv on 05.02. arXiv: 1702.01392  LPDA LNA temperature dependency: -0.01(7) dB/K AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 18 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Backup AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 19 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Vector Effective Length  H: relation of voltage to incoming e-field  horizontal antenna most sensitive to zenith direction AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 20 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

Scientific Goals  precise knowledge of the antenna response essential to reconstruct the electric field emitted by cosmic rays  setup using an octocopter delivers an overall calibration with high statistics  aim for the smallest systematic uncertainties with the octocopter calibration method  direct impact on the energy scale given by AERA for Auger! (see talk F. Briechle) AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 21 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

|H φ | - Reproducibility  three measurements performed at different days  measurements agree on a 15% level AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 22 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

|H θ | - Combined Results overall uncertainties at 55MHz and 42.5 ° : 11.7%   simulation and measurement agree on a level of 20% AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 23 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017

|H θ | - Correction Factor AERA Meeting Karlsruhe 24 Raphael Krause | RWTH Aachen University | 08.02.2017