Pulling Open the Sticky Door Social Mobility among Latinos in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Pulling Open the Sticky Door Social Mobility among Latinos in Nebraska Lissette Aliaga-Linares Social Demographer Office of Latino/Latin American Studies (OLLAS) University of Nebraska at Omaha

Overview 1. Changing Demographics in the U.S.A 2. Nebraska Population Projections 3. Characteristics of Latinos in NE 4. Socioeconomic trends among Latinos in NE – Employment – Education

The he Ne Next xt Ame merica rica Percent of the U.S. Total Population by Race and Ethnicity, 1960-2060 100% 4% All Other 90% 8% 10% 16% 85% 80% Asian 31% 12% 70% Hispanic 64% 60% 50% 13% Black 40% 43% 30% White 20% 10% 0% 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Source: Pew Research Center

Wh What t exp xplains lains Latino tino po popu pulation lation gr growt wth? h? Let’s compare Projected Components of Change for Hispanic Origin Population, U.S.: 2015-2060 2.7 Million immigrants Net Migration 29% Natural 9 Million births - Increase 2.5 Million Deaths 71% 6.5 Million More! Source: U.S. Census Bureau, National Projections 2012

The e Next xt Neb ebras raska Percent of the Nebraska Total Population by Race and Ethnicity, 1980-2050 100% All Other 94% 9% 90% 24% 80% 82% Hispanic 70% 6% 60% 62% Black 50% 40% White 30% 20% 10% 0% 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Source: UNO, Center for Public Affairs Research, June 2013

Lat atinos nos will ll be be th the e futu ture re sour urce ce of growth wth Age-Sex Pyramids for Latinos and Non-Hispanic Whites, Nebraska 2012 Hispa pani nic NH White ites 85 yrs+ 85 yrs+ 80-84 yrs 80-84 yrs 75-79 yrs Males 75-79 yrs 70-74 yrs 70-74 yrs 65-69 yrs 65-69 yrs 60-64 yrs Males 60-64 yrs Females Males Females 55-59 yrs 55-59 yrs 50-54 yrs 50-54 yrs 45-49 yrs 45-49 yrs 40-44 yrs 40-44 yrs 35-39 yrs 35-39 yrs 30-34 yrs 30-34 yrs 25-29 yrs 25-29 yrs 20-24 yrs 20-24 yrs 15-19 yrs 15-19 yrs 10-14 yrs 10-14 yrs 5-9 yrs 5-9 yrs < 5 yrs < 5 yrs 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008-2012 American Community Survey

Mo More e visible ble growth wth from m th the e youngest oungest ag age-gr group oups Percentage of Latinos in Nebraska Population Age Distribution 2010-2050 2010 2030 2050 2010 2030 2010 100 + 100 + 100 + 95-99 95-99 95-99 90-94 90-94 90-94 85-89 85-89 85-89 14% at retirement age 80-84 80-84 80-84 75-79 75-79 75-79 70-74 70-74 70-74 65-69 65-69 65-69 22% at voting age 60-64 60-64 60-64 55-59 55-59 55-59 50-54 50-54 50-54 45-49 45-49 45-49 24% at working age 40-44 40-44 40-44 35-39 35-39 35-39 30-34 30-34 30-34 25-29 25-29 25-29 20-24 20-24 20-24 15-19 15-19 15-19 10-14 10-14 10-14 5-9 5-9 5-9 < 5 < 5 < 5 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Source: 2010 US Census, CPAR Projections, June 2013

Perp erpetu tual l forei eigne ners? s? Evolution of Latino/Hispanic-Origin Population in Nebraska by Nativity, 1870-2012 200,000 All Latinos, 178,793 175,000 150,000 125,000 U.S. Born, 112,658 100,000 Foreign Born, 66,135 75,000 50,000 25,000 0 1870 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: Graph produced by OLLAS based on 1850-2012 Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS-USA) *Data on nativity was not available for years 1960 and 1970

raska ebrask in Neb Foreign U.S Born Born Latinos Latinos inos in atin s of Lat Median age: 34 Median age: 13 stics Half speak only English. eristic 93% of those who are 50% Speaks English well bilingual speak English or very well well or very well acteri arac 81% of adults 25 years 67% of adults 25 years and older have either and older have less Char completed high school than high school or post-secondary diploma degree Source: OLLAS Calculations based on 2008-2012 ACS-PUMS

Wai ait, t, th ther ere ar e are Int e Inter ergen ener erat ation ional al ti ties! es! Percentage of U.S. Born Latinos under 17 years-old, by Nativity of their Parents, Nebraska 2008-2012 Two foreign born parents Lives with Lives at 27 % one or two least with U.S. born one foreign One foreign borh parents born Parent parent 19% 42% 58% Two parents, one of whom is foreign born 12% Source: OLLAS Calculations based on 2008-2012 ACS-PUMS

Lati La tino nos in N s in Neb ebras aska, a, th the g e good ood lif ife? e? Average Household Income by Race/Ethnicity of Head Householder, Nebraska 2001-2012 80,000 70,000 60,000 White, Not Hispanic 50,000 Hispanic (Any Race) 40,000 30,000 African American 20,000 10,000 - 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: Graph produced by OLLAS based on 2001-2012 ACS Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS-USA),

Hispa spanic nic Imm mmigrant grant wages ges ta taki king ng harder der to rec ecover er from m pr pre-recession recession Annual Gross Wage and Salary Income for Hispanics by Immigration Status, Nebraska, 2000-2012 40,000.00 35,000.00 All Nebraska (Excl. Hispanics) 30,000.00 Non Immigrant Hispanics 25,000.00 Hispanic 20,000.00 Immigrant Hispanics 15,000.00 10,000.00 5,000.00 - 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: Graph produced by OLLAS based on 2001-2012 ACS Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS-USA),

age Annual al Manufacturing atus in • Employs 30% of the total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $25,256 a year • Employs 10% of total non-Immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $26,477 a year y and Average grant status Construction migrant • Employs 15% of the total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $24,507 a year • Employs 6% of the total non-immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $25,672 a year aska inos by Immi stry brask ion by Industr Accommodation and Food Services • Employs 10% of total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $ 15,440 a year Nebr • Employs 11% of total non-immigrant Latinos , pays on avg. $ 11,202 a year es for Latinos Ne Waste Management cipation • Employs 7% total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $22,975 a year • Employs 5% total non-immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $29,930 a year ticipat Wages Parti Health Care and Social Assistance or Pa • Employs 4% of total immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $21,520 a year • Employs 11% of total non-immigrant Latinos, pays on avg. $24,735 a year Labor Source: OLLAS Calculations based on 2008-2012 ACS

Str trong ong gr growth wth in Latino tino Bu Busi sines ness Growth rates for the Number of Firms, Sales, Employment and Annual Payroll by Owner Race/Ethnicity, Nebraska, 2002-2007 100 80 Hispanic White 60 Black % Changes Asian 40 Native American 20 0 -20 -40 Number of Sales Employment Annual payroll Firms Source: OLLAS Calculations based on Survey of Business Owners, Summary Tables 1997, 2002, and 2007

… but with a lot of challenges LOW LOWEST EDUCATIONAL NOT MUCH ATTAINMENT EXPERIENCE AS SURVIVAL LEVELS AMONG SELF- RATE BUSINESS EMPLOYED OWNERS YET, the highest DECREASE IN job retention rate THE LEAST LIKELY and hired more PROPORTION TO EXPAND employees on OF EMPLOYER average when FIRMS expanding Source: OLLAS Report, “Latino Businesses in Nebraska: A Preliminary Look”

A Per ersi sist stent ent Ga Gap p in Neb ebrask raska 2000 2012 All All All Latinos All Socioeconomic Indicators Latinos in Nebraska in Nebraska Nebraska Nebraska Poverty rates for families 7% 17% 9% 26% Population with no health N.A. N.A. 11% 31% insurance coverage Unemployment Rate 2.5% 8% 4% 7% Source: U.S. Census 2000 and ACS 2010-2012, Summary Tables available through American Fact Finder

Mo More e Latino tinos s Att ttend ending ing Colle ollege ge Latino Population Ages 18 to 24 Attending College, Nebraska 2000-2012 2000 2010-2012 6000 5,583 5000 3,880 4000 3000 2,146 1,703 2000 1,663 1000 483 0 Total U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: OLLAS calculations based on U.S. Census 2000 and American Community Survey 2010-2012

Latin tinos os Are Much h Less s But Hi High gh Schoo ool l Dr Dropouts pouts Likely ely to Drop p out t of High h on the e Rise e amon ong g U.S. . Schoo hool l than an Before ore born rn Latin tinos os Latino High School Dropout Rate by Latino High School Dropouts by Nativity, Nativity, Nebraska 2000-2012 Nebraska 2000-2012 2000 2010-2012 2000 2010-2012 60 56% 7000 6000 6,326 50 5000 5,289 37% 40 4,807 34% 4000 30 3000 3,160 19% 17% 20 2000 12% 2,129 10 1,519 1000 0 0 All Latino U.S. Born Foreign Born All Latino U.S. Born Foreign Born Source: OLLAS calculations based on U.S. Census 2000 and American Community Survey 2010-2012

The e ac achie ievem emen ent t gap ap Average Score in Mathematics and Reading, Nebraska 2013 White Hispanic Black Reading Mathematics 300 292 275 251 250 267 229 254 251 250 227 200 215 207 202 150 100 50 0 Grade 4 Grade 8 Grade 4 Grade 8 Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP State Comparisons, 2013

Latinos, breaking the glass ceiling?