Prospects for Collaboration: Challenges and Opportunities of a Small City Campus David C. Bagnoli, AIA, LEED AP, BD+C OCTOBER 17, 2013
Prospects for Collaboration: Common Opportunities for a Small City and Campus Part 1: College Towns as Communities of Opportunity Part 2: College Town Settings Part 3: Common Issues and Collaborative Approaches (Housing, Commercial/Retail Development, The Arts, Business Incubation, Shared Infrastructure) Conclusion: What are Bend’s Opportunities
The Quintessential College Town= The Best Examples of Smart Growth Balance of Pedestrian, Bike and Automobiles Small Scale, Mixed Use Retail Walkable Neighborhoods Open Space Compact building design Sense of Place
The Quintessential College Town= The Best Examples of Smart Growth All 10 are College Towns 8 out of 10 are College Towns http://smartgrowthusa.wordpress.com/2011/01/22/corvallis-oregon-smart-growth-commuting-in-united-states-2009/
PART 1: COLLEGE TOWNS AS COMMUNITIES OF OPPORTUNITY Economic Impact of Colleges and Universities •2011 University of Colorado System Impact Study • $2.6B direct spending • $5.3B economic activity in the state • 2012 University System of Georgia Impact Study • $9.8B in direct spending • $4.4B in “re-spending” • 2012 Oregon State University Impact Study (by ECONorthwest) • $2.06B in “Contributions to the economy” • $1.93B in Oregon • 33% (~$500M) increase in last 5 years
University of Colorado System Impacts • CU System spent $246 million on construction projects in FY2011 • These generated economic benefit of $478 million. • CU’s 57,400 students and 27,483 faculty, staff and student workers were engines of activity both as spenders and as generators of economic activity. http://www.colorado.edu/news/releases/2012/05/17/new-university-colorado-economic-impact-study-cu-pumped-53-billion-colorado
University of Colorado System Impacts http://www.colorado.edu/news/releases/2012/05/17/new-university-colorado-economic-impact-study-cu-pumped-53-billion-colorado
INCREASED EMPLOYMENT AND ENROLLMENT: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
COMMON TOWN/GOWN ISSUES Student Related • Housing (On/Off Campus) • Parking • Student Life (Non Athletic/Recreation) • Student Life (Athletic/Recreation) • Academic Spaces
COMMON TOWN/GOWN ISSUES Non-Student Related • Public Presence (Approach/Campus Tour/Recruiting) • Faculty/Staff Retention • Housing (Rental/Ownership) • Parking/Access • Family Services (Daycare, K-12 Schools) • Retail/College Town/ Disposable Income • Spousal Employment Opportunities
COMMON TOWN/GOWN ISSUES Transportation Management •General Access •Thoughtful Parking Solutions •Deliveries Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA Willamette University, Salem, OR
COLLEGE TOWN SETTINGS Type 1: Fully Integrated Portland State University, Portland, OR Type 2: Partially Integrated Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA Type 3: Physically Separated St. Olaf’s, Northfield, MN
Town TYPE 1: FULLY INTEGRATED Gown Benefits: Establishment of school presence may contribute to revitalization, neighborhood improvements, shared parking benefits. May come with lower expectations for parking/services. Defining Characteristics: • Town often established before school with pre-existing development patterns • Mix of uses within block and/or building, • Integrates/ respects existing pattern of streets and structures • New infill building conforming to existing patterns of development. • Less Auto Dependant due to: • Walk-able distances between uses, • Established Street character and • Limited parking due to lack of available space Examples • Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD), Savannah, GA; • Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA • University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI • Portland State University, OR • University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA • Arizona State University, Downtown Phoenix, AZ • George Washington University, Washington, DC
Providing Civic Leadership, Achieving Global Excellence Nearly two decades ago, Portland State University embraced a new approach to education — one that made the community an active partner in the classroom. Students and faculty put theory to practice and work with businesses, nonprofits, civic groups, and government agencies to solve real problems facing our region. www.pdx.edu/research Town Gown Relationships: Type 1~ Fully Integrated Town and Gown Portland Statue University, Portland, OR
Town TYPE 2: PARTIALLY INTEGRATED Gown Benefits: Neighborhood serving retail, character defining presence for campus and city/neighborhood, shared parking but segregated services between town and gown. Defining Characteristics: • Mix of Uses within and adjacent to campus • Local, small scale retail adjacent to campus caters to student, staff and visitor use • Founding dates of town and campus often simultaneous • Walk-able distances between uses discourages use of private autos during academic day Examples • Princeton University, Princeton, NJ • Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH • University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC • Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA • Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA • Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA • Brown University, Providence, RI • University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
Town Gown Relationships: Type 2~ Partially Integrated Town and Gown Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA
Town TYPE 3: PHYSICALLY SEPARATED Gown Benefits: Town retains separated identify, minimized impact on local parking and infrastructure services (limits immediate economic benefit). Campus may create its own identity, separate from Town’s existing patterns. Defining Characteristics: • Independent campus, • Separate transportation network • Large requirement for parking (often surface), • Limited daily interaction between town and gown, • Reduces economic benefits- retail accommodated on campus • May encourage segregated uses (Administrative, Academic, Student Life). • May encourage short distance auto trips between uses. Examples • Reed College, Portland, OR • Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR • St. Olaf, Northfield, MN • Central Oregon Community College, Bend, OR • The American University, Washington, DC • Santa Cruz College, Santa Cruz, CA • Georgetown University, Washington, DC
Town Gown Relationships: Type 3~ Physically Separated Town and Gown Reed College, Portland, OR http://www.reed.edu/campusmasterplan/pdfs/reed_2008_cmp_031008.pdf
Town Gown RETAIL and ON CAMPUS THE ARTS ENTERTAINMENT HOUSING BUSINESS FACULTY/STAFF ACADEMICS INCUBATION HOUSING CAMPUS ADMINSTRATION CIVIC SPACE OPEN SPACE STUDENT LIFE PARKING K-12 SCHOOLS SPACES OFF CAMPUS SPORTS and UTILIZE EXISTING HOUSING RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE
COMMON ISSUES AND COLLABORATIVE APPROACHES: Housing (Student/Faculty/Staff) “Students have said that with gas prices at $4 a gallon, [they] are going to rethink how they’re using their vehicles” Vickie Hawkins, Director of University Housing, Georgia Southern University, Inside Higher Ed Magazine “We’re seeing it across the nation, students want to live on campus. The retention from the first year to the second and persistence toward graduation is greater than those who commute” Ed Adleman, Executive Director, Massachusetts State College Building Authority Inside Higher Ed Magazine
While 76% of incoming students desire On-Campus Housing, reality may be different: • University of Oregon and OSU house approximately 20% of undergrads on Campus • Portland State University houses approximately 13% of undergrads on Campus • Washington State University houses approximately 26% of undergrads on Campus • University of Washington (Seattle) houses approximately 27% of undergrads on Campus Housing Trends: On Campus Housing Shortfall
Housing Trends: Off Campus Housing and Parking
Housing Trends: Off Campus Private Development
Light Rail Connection •Founded 2006 College of Nursing •Planned Build Out •1.5 M SF Academic/Support space •15,000 Enrollment •1,800 Faculty and Staff •4000 Student Beds • $570 million anticipated impact Planned Renovation of US Post Office Into Student Union • Creation of 7,700 jobs • Broke ground Aug. 2012 on $25M Student Rec Center New Civic Plaza Town Gown Relationships: Arizona State University, Downtown Phoenix, AZ http://phoenix.gov/webcms/groups/internet/documents/web_content/d_038186.pdf
Town Gown Relationships: Arizona State University, Downtown Phoenix, AZ http://phoenix.gov/webcms/groups/internet/documents/web_content/d_038186.pdf
Town Gown Relationships: Arizona State University, Downtown Phoenix, AZ http://phoenix.gov/webcms/groups/internet/documents/web_content/d_038186.pdf
Residential Neighborhood Residential To Grasse Road Neighborhood Faculty Housing DARTMOUTH Residential Neighborhood Residential Neighborhood DOWNTOWN HANOVER Residential Neighborhood Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
1. North Park Street Graduate Housing (112 Beds) 1 2. Park and Wheelock Faculty Housing (22 Homes) 2 3. Downtown Master Plan (45000 SF Retail, 180 Units, 350 Parking) 3 4 4. South Street Mews (19 Apartments, 14000 SF Retail, 65 Parking) Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
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