PREVENTING TERRORISTS FROM ACQUIRING WEAPONS Counter Terrorism - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PREVENTING TERRORISTS FROM ACQUIRING WEAPONS Counter Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED) United Nations New York, 17 May 2017

Preventing terrorists from acquiring weapons to Commit terrorist Acts. 1) Context : Resolution 1373 (2001): Eliminate the supply of weapons to terrorists  Resolution 2220 (2015): Strengthen Member States’ capacities and  needs to address the threats posed by accessibility of weapons used by terrorists Resolution 2195 (2015): Establishes link between cross border crime,  including trafficking of arms, and terrorism, and the role of CTED in assessing gaps and facilitating technical assistance Resolution 2129 (2013): Identify issues, trends, development related to  Res. 1373 (2001) 2) Purpose : Discuss the various aspects of accessibility to weapons for terrorists  (current and new trends); Facilitate technical assistance for strengthening Member States’  capacities Develop recommendations for actions to enhance a global response to  such threats.

I. Aspects of terrorists accessibility to weapons i .) Poor Stockpile management and ii.) looting

iii.) Transnational organized crime Example of South East Europe: Estimated 3 to 6 million  firearms in Western Balkans. Mainly Local + cross Border Land  Illicit firearms trafficking  associated with drugs trafficking, organized crimes, violent crimes including terrorism. New challenges of INTERNET/ICT, 3D Printer Guns, Facebook  pages Brokers / Online Weapons markets/Dark web

iv.) Weak border controls at official crossings and spaces between borders posts Comprehensive legislation  Administrative measures in place  Law enforcement and Border controls agencies and technical  capacities UNSC Arms embargoes 

v . ) De-actived and Re-activated weapons - Failure to implement technical requirements of Article 9 of UNTOC Firearms Protocol with new trend of Re-activated firearms. - Internet & Collectors origins. - Investigation and seizure of Reactivated weapons in North of France after Thalys attack.

vi . ) The Improvised Explosive Devices - New areas for CTED assessment missions (Afghanistan, Iraq, Mali…) - Major tool for Terrorists. 33,307 People killed or injured by IEDs in 2015, 92% civilian (OCHA) - Anti-aircraft, Anti-Armor, Anti- EOD, Anti-First responder, Anti- infrastructure, Anti-Maritime, Anti-Personnel, Anti-Vehicle - UNMAS

II. Examples of Main gaps and challenges from CTC visits (GIS) “Legislation on weapons is old and its framework does not include suitable  provisions aimed at monitoring issues of production, control, sale and brokerage, export and import of small arms and light weapons (SALW)”. (CTC Visit) “ One country is facing an important proliferation of firearms and most  basic elements of the legislation are missing. Two countries have old legislations that do not cover the trafficking and the illicit proliferation of SALW, including marking, tracing, transfer and surplus destruction.” (GIS) “There is no National Commission to Combat the Proliferation of Small  Arms and country is also invited to communicate to the United Nations an activity report concerning its implementation of the Programme of Action”. (UN PoA) (CTC Visit) “Given the large number of illegal firearms in circulation, it is important to  introduce plans to collect and destroy illegal SALW.” (CTC Visit) INTERNET, Terms of use of providers… 

III. CTED/UN efforts to strengthen States’ efforts to combat arms trafficking and facilitate technical assistance delivery  “ Law enforcement must address and anticipate new trends in the illegal acquisition, use, and transfer of firearms to ensure the safety of our communities ” (Ronald K. Noble INTERPOL Secretary General, 2013) 2011: CTED/INTERPOL proposed the idea to have a world-wide  system for the reporting and querying of lost, stolen and illicit firearms. 2013: INTERPOL Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management  System (iARMS) developed and released. Facilitates information exchange and investigative cooperation  between law enforcement agencies in relation to the international movement of illicit firearms, as well as licit firearms that have been involved in the commission of a crime. More than 300 000 records of Lost and stolen firearms from 100  countries.

ISACS AND CASA  Les carences institutionnelles des différents secteurs actifs dans la prévention et la répression du terrorisme : police et sécurité, justice pénale, secteur bancaire  Le déficit de coordination entre les différents acteurs de la lutte antiterroriste

Examples of IROs countering the supply and trafficking of weapons to terrorists Cases for Refusal of Exemptions for Transfers “ to carry out terrorist acts  or support or encourage terrorism ”; (Art. 6 ECOWAS Convention on SALW, Their Ammunition and Other Related Materials) “ To prevent and combat corruption, money-laundering, terrorism and  drug trafficking associated with the illicit manufacturing of, trafficking in, trade, possession and use of small arms and light weapons, their ammunition and all parts and components that can be used for their manufacture, repair and assembly ”. (Art. 5, Kinshasa Convention) “ States Parties give priority to preventing, combating, and eradicating  the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, ammunition, explosives, and other related materials because of the links of such activities with drug trafficking, terrorism, transnational organized crime, and mercenary and other criminal activities”. ( INTER-AMERICAN Convention against the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in Firearms, ammunition, explosives and other materials ). WCO Enforcement security programme, CT and SALW. 

CTED and the development of the Central Africa Counter- Terrorism and Small Arms and Light Weapons Strategy, with Member States, IROs and the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre (UNCCT) UN GLOBAL CT STRATEGY UNITED NATIONS Best International SECURITY COUNCIL practices Development of the RESOLUTIONS Strategy on the basis of In partnerships with UN entities In partnerships with IROs Integrated Strategy on UNSAC UNCCT/CTITF Counter-Terrorism and CEEAC CTED Non-Proliferation of CEMAC UNOCA Small Arms and Light GABAC DPA Africa CCPAC Weapons for Central UNODA AU +CAERT Africa UNDP OIPC- ISACS INTERPOL UNREC WCO CNUDHD-AC UNODC

Thank you - Merci. http://www.un.org/fr/sc/ctc/