Presentation – Copenhagen City on alternative drivelines and fuels and procurement strategy towards 2025… David Marc Gurewitsch Fleet Development COPENHAGEN CITY The Technical- & Environmental Administration City Operations
Inner outer pressure…
Focus for the transition + + NO X
Operation slowly moving forward…
2015 fuel consumption - a CO 2 indicator 6% 12% Diverse 6% Entreprenørmaskiner (KMC) 19% Fejemaskiner, store Græsklipper Grave- læssemaskiner 3% 19% Lastvogne > 3500 kg Minibusser < 3.500 kg Minitraktorer, Redskabsbærere 3% Personbiler 1% 2% Traktorer 27% 0% Vans 1% Varevogne < 3.500 kg 1% Varevogne, komprimator
Crucial view of the actual/ expected hurdles and gains for each driveline and fuel solution • Matureness of driveline? • Infrastructure geography placements vs. investment needed ? • Expected cost of driveline and after sale price ? • Operation costs (fuel and service) ? • Ensure easier fleet management ? • Range needed / winter operation issues ? • Iddle usage that leads to NO X og PM focus ? • Value change emissions (WtW) of CO 2 and NO X ? • Pilots for un-proven solutions (drivelines/fuels) • New tender focal points (clean Vehicle Directive/emission impact) • Joint procurement + Cross Boarder Joint Procurement can gain crucial knowledge on how to encrease volume on a small volume market
Tender focus on WtW CO 2 (well to wheel - alternative fuels) Diesel & gasoline HVO diesel Battery electric Biogas Power
Costs & emissions of different driveline/fuels vs. diesel - A generic overview based on VW and Mercedes Minitrucks - * 10.000 KM/year All well to wheel CO 2 emission
Recommendations for the choice of drivelines - Based on our own needs/requirements
CPH – procurement of drivelines and fuels over time… Large trucks for winter HVO or GTL usage + long (diesel engine) hours Small/medium Biogas (CBG) * sized trucks + (gasoline engine) short range + good tanking logistics ! Retrofit: Battery electric (BEV) or Bio methanol (gasoline engine) Battery electric (BEV) Fuel cell (FCEV) + Range Extender (REEV) with fuel cell og conventional 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 engine (H 2 or GTL/HVO or *65-75 kg gas pr. 100 km in winter operation using PTO for salt spread. methanol) Available gas tank 128 kg gas with standard setting = 170 km winter range ! Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
CPH – procurement of drivelines and fuels over time… HVO or GTL (diesel engine) Retrofit: Bio methanol (gasoline engine) Battery electric (BEV) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
CPH – procurement of drivelines and fuels over time… HVO or GTL (diesel engine) Retrofit: Bio methanol (gasoline engine) Battery electric (BEV) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
CPH – procurement of drivelines and fuels over time… HVO or GTL (diesel engine) Retrofit: Bio methanol (gasoline engine) Battery electric (BEV) FCEV + Range Extender (REEV) with fuel cell (H 2 or methanol) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
CPH – procurement of drivelines and fuels over time… Retrofit: Bio methanol (gasoline engine) Battery electric (BEV) FCEV + Range Extender (REEV) with fuel cell (H 2 or methanol) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
Battery development vs range 2010 Mitsubishi iMiev 160 2011 Renault Zoe 1 gen 210 - passenger cars 2016 Nissan Leaf III KM NEDC range (new unkown) 250 2017 Renault Zoe II 400 2018 Opel Ampera e 500 2020 Nissan/Renault/VW 600 +2022 Hyundai/VW/Mercedes (solid state)… 1100
CPH – procurement of drivelines and fuels over time… HVO or GTL (diesel engine) Retrofit: Bio methanol (gasoline engine) Battery electric (BEV) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
CPH – procurement of drivelines and fuels over time… HVO or GTL (diesel engine) Retrofit: Bio methanol (gasoline engine) Battery electric (BEV) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
CPH – procurement of drivelines and fuels over time… HVO or GTL (diesel engine) Retrofit: Bio methanol (gasoline engine) Fuel cell (FCEV) + Range Extender (REEV) with fuel cell (H 2 or methanol) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
HVO or GTL (diesel engine) Recommendation of where to go… Biogas (CNG) Battery electric (BEV) an overview of all categories! Fuel cell (FCEV) + Range Extender HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES HEAVY DUTY MACHINES LIGHT DUTY MACHINES 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
Planning is needed … Most efficient solutions by + 2020 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2017 2018 Registration and data gathering for entire fleet + centralized procurement and ownership and service Dynamic overview – to be up-dated
Pilots done! GTL Natural gas based diesel replacement fuel Reducing: NO X by 12 % and PM by 32 % – no CO 2 reduction Additional reductions : • Illimination of large particles and aromatics • Nearly no smell • No loss of power or cold start problems • Especially good for reducing PM when engine is iddling
Coming pilots CO 2 reducing/green methanol for vehicles and machines Producing methanol from CO 2 and renewable power sources Using green methanol in gasoline/gas engines Reducing both CO 2 , NO X and PM Potential: • Global fuel – local production • Danish technology • A temporary technology? New generation of engines...
Getting the politician to decide… • Operation with limited economy – heavy investments are needed... • A political position paper is necessary • Result...?
Joint Procurement… Focus • Lower price for new and alternative technologies • Let the market know where we and other municipalities are Joint procurement • National network of 20 municipalities on the procurement of BEVs, PHEVs and FCEVs Cross boarder joint procurement • CNCA (Stockholm, Oslo and Copenhagen) procurement of wheel loaders • Sharing of operation data; tender experiences; business cases • Promoting the solutions towards entrepreneurs and rental companies • Coming Scandinavian procurement network • Setting the same demands on WtW: CO 2 , NO X , TCO…?
Learnings … • Holistic approach is needed • Traditional methods don’t work • Engage stakeholders (users/local, national and international) • Open up for innovation • Engage with partnerships/network • Demonstrate it – show it!
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