PORTABLE DEVICE FOR DRILLING RESISTANCE TEST METHOD Alessio - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PORTABLE DEVICE FOR DRILLING RESISTANCE TEST METHOD Alessio Benincasa, SINT Technology

PRESENTATION CONTENTS ✓ Laboratory and on site tests ✓ The Drilling Resistance test method ✓ The DRMS: portable device for drilling resistance tests ✓ Main features and advantages ✓ Statistical analysis and test procedure ✓ On site tests: example of activity ✓ The DRILL 7 software: acquisition ✓ The DRILL 7 software: elaboration and export ✓ Typical test results Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 2

LABORATORY AND ON SITE TESTS Evaluation of the performance of different materials (natural stones, mortars) and of conservation products applied during restoration work such as consolidating or protective treatments. LABORATORY TESTS: ✓ Tests on specimens of the same monumental stone: • New stone samples • Cores taken from treated monuments ✓ Minimum size for a representative sample should be not less than 5x5x5 cm. ✓ Laboratory test results should be considered only as a preliminary indication Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 3

LABORATORY AND ON SITE TESTS Evaluation of the performance of different materials (natural stones, mortars) and of conservation products applied during restoration work such as consolidating or protective treatments. ON SITE TESTS GIVE THE FOLLOWING BENEFITS: ✓ The possibility of evaluating the specific state of conservation of the stone material to be treated with its local environmental exposure. ✓ Determination of actual stone features and properties and the effect of the applied treatment. The results of in situ tests are an essential input for effective maintenance programming. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 4

THE DRILLING RESISTANCE TEST METHOD The Drilling Resistance Test Method can be used for the characterization of materials, in order to obtain information about the mechanical properties and the performance of consolidating treatments , both in the lab and on site. The test consists in drilling a small hole at a set constant rotational speed and penetration rate and in measuring the penetration force versus depth. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 5

THE DRMS CORDLESS SYSTEM The Drilling Resistance Measurement System (DRMS) is an useful portable tool that continuously measures the required force to drill a hole in the investigated material during all the testing process. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 6

DRMS: MAIN FEATURES & ADVANTAGES • Suitable for both laboratory and on site tests • Measurement of the force necessary to drill the material • The mean value of the Drilling Resistance can be correlated with the Uniaxial Compression Strength (UCS) • Working at constant operating conditions : Rotation speed (20-1000 RPM) and Penetration rate (5-80 mm/min) • Recording the resistance profile of the first layer of a stone material (up to 50 mm depth) • Use of diamond drill bits to reduce the wear effect Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 7

ON SITE TESTS: EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITY The Abbey of Badia a Passignano, (11 th - 12 th Mortars of the Cloister’s wall Century) The Last Supper Fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio (1476) Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 8

ON SITE TESTS: EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITY Material Consolidating Product Application mode Time Decayed Lime water + Arbocel BC 200 pack 10 days Marble Saturated solution of 2 of Arbocel BC 1000 + 1 of 16 hours Arbocel BC 200 pack ammonium oxalate 2nd applicat. After 1 week Abbey of Badia a Passignano After treatment Heavy decayed fragment of a marble column Before treatment Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 9

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Some materials (e.g. mortars and concrete) do present high fluctuations in the drilling resistance around the mean value, due to their intrinsic non homogeneity. These materials need to be characterized not only with average parameters but also through statistical indices that take into account the non uniformity of the material . Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 10

TEST PROCEDURE 1. Repeat tests on the same material (at least 10 holes) 2. Use the same penetration rate in all the tests 3. Use the same revolution speed in all the tests 4. Acquire data in Streaming mode (300 Hz) 5. Apply a software filter to reduce the noise related to drill bit vibration (low pass filter at 3Hz) 6. Discard the first mm of penetration data to remove drill bit surface penetration effect 7. Discard the last mm of penetration data to reduce the effect of the drilling swarf 8. Use post-elaboration with DRMS software to extract a set of statistical indices 9. Select graphical representation with box-plot, histogram, Qqplot and trend 10. Repeat the post-process elaboration without the data beyond the outliers Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 11

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: NEW USER INTERFACE The Drill 7 software is an evolution of the previous DRMS 5 and it has been completely renewed, starting from the user interface. The setup section is now integrated with new fields in order to define the test and the material being tested in a complete way. It’s also possible to organize the measurements in groups and subgroups. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 12

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: MATERIAL AND DRILL BIT DATABASE It’s also possible to create a complete database of the materials tested with the DRMS. Each material can be organized in classes (such as Mortar, Marble and so on) and labeled with its own description. Also the drill bits used during the tests are stored in the database, in order to have a complete list of the holes performed by each drill bit. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 13

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: ACQUISITION The acquisition of the load cell is now improved and has been increased up to 300 Hz . This allows to have more measurement points in order to increase the precision of the test. It’s also possible to apply a digital signal filter in order to reduce the noise related to the vibration of the drill bit. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 14

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: ACQUISITION The drilling test is managed automatically by the software that acquires the data from the DRMS machine in real time . The test starts when the desired rotation speed is reached and the surface of the material under test is found. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 15

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: DRILLS database All the measurements data are stored in a database which allows the classification by groups and sub-groups. A dedicated window with several filters simplifies the research of a particular test in the database. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 16

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: ELABORATION All data stored in the database can be viewed in different ways. It’s also possible to view a single hole and modify its properties, such as filtering and test parameters. The software also allows to load multiple tests in a single graph in order to perform an easy comparison between different holes, and to plot an averaged curve. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 17

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: ELABORATION As for some materials (like mortars) the drilling resistance shows high fluctuations around the mean value, it becomes more appropriate to use indices that take into account the non-uniformity of the material (e.g mode, standard deviation, etc). The statistical post-processing is useful to perform this type of analysis. It’s possible to view the data of a set of holes in an histogram graph with the related statistical box-plot representation. An optional gaussian distribution curve can be overlayed to estimate the data deviation. A set of statistical data is calculated automatically by the software. Last but not least, it’s possible to represent the data in other graphs, such as grouped force vs depth. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 18

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: EXPORT All types of analysis can be exported in different formats such as html, png or tabbed txt Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 19

THE DRMS DRILL 7 SOFTWARE: Import of previous DRMS File All files acquired with the old version of the DRMS software can be imported and elaborated with the new application. The data will be stored in a database in order to simplify the organization of the tests. Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 20

TYPICAL TEST RESULTS Carrara Marble 600 RPM – 5 mm/min Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 21

TYPICAL TEST RESULTS ARS 600 RPM – 10 mm/min Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 22

TYPICAL TEST RESULTS N2/04 Mortar 300 RPM – 40 mm/min Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 23

TYPICAL TEST RESULTS Aptera – Greece Bioplastic Limeston e 600 RPM – 10 mm/min Portable Device for Drilling Resistance Test Method 24

PORTABLE DEVICE FOR DRILLING RESISTANCE TEST METHOD THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!