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PETALS: Improving Learning of Expert Skill in Humanitarian Demining Lahiru Jayatilaka (Red Lotus Technologies) David M. Sengeh (IBM Research - Africa) Charles Herrmann (Cornell University) Luca Bertuccelli (Sensitech) Dimitrios Antos (Verily Life


  1. PETALS: Improving Learning of Expert Skill in Humanitarian Demining Lahiru Jayatilaka (Red Lotus Technologies) David M. Sengeh (IBM Research - Africa) Charles Herrmann (Cornell University) Luca Bertuccelli (Sensitech) Dimitrios Antos (Verily Life Sciences) Barbara J. Grosz (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences) Krzysztof Z. Gajos (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences) .org

  2. PETALS: Improving Learning of Expert Skill in Humanitarian Demining Lahiru Jayatilaka (Red Lotus Technologies) David M. Sengeh (IBM Research - Africa) Charles Herrmann (Cornell University) Luca Bertuccelli (Sensitech) Dimitrios Antos (Verily Life Sciences) Barbara J. Grosz (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences) Krzysztof Z. Gajos (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences) .org

  3. Lahiru Jayatilaka Photo: Justin Ide/Harvard Staff Photographer

  4. 1983–2009 war between Tamil Tigers and Sri Lankan army

  5. 1983–2009 war between Tamil Tigers and Sri Lankan army Photo: Devaka Seneviratne

  6. 6,461 casualties in 2015 in 61 countries 78% were civilians 38% were children Source: Landmine Monitor 2016

  7. Photo: Adam Jones

  8. Photo: HALO Trust Archives

  9. Lahiru’s Mission: Use the power of Computer Science to improve the safety and efficiency of humanitarian landmine clearance

  10. Landmine Clearance Basics • Landmine detection still performed primarily with handheld metal detectors Photo: Halo Trust Archives

  11. Landmine Clearance Basics • Landmine detection still performed primarily with handheld metal detectors • For every landmine, 100 pieces of metallic debris are found

  12. Landmine Clearance Basics • Landmine detection still performed primarily with handheld metal detectors • For every landmine, 100 pieces of metallic debris are found • When mines are placed in a cluster configuration, it is hard to tell how many mines there are and where they are located

  13. Landmine Clearance Basics • Landmine detection still performed primarily with handheld metal detectors • For every landmine, 100 pieces of metallic debris are found • When mines are placed in a cluster configuration, it is hard to tell how many mines there are and where they are located

  14. Expert Approach: Metallic Signature Method • Landmine detection still performed primarily with handheld metal detectors • For every landmine, 100 pieces of metallic debris are found • When mines are placed in a cluster configuration, it is hard to tell how many mines there are and where they are located • Experts have a way of dealing with clutter and cluster configurations, but their method is hard to teach

  15. Expert Approach: Metallic Signature Method • Landmine detection still performed primarily with handheld metal detectors x • For every landmine, 100 pieces of metallic debris are found • When mines are placed in a x cluster configuration, it is hard x x to tell how many mines there are and where they are located • Experts have a way of dealing x with clutter and cluster configurations, but their method is hard to teach

  16. Key Idea: Visualize Metallic Signatures x x x x x x x x x x

  17. Key Idea: Visualize Metallic Signatures x x x x x x x x x x

  18. Approach 0: Support Deminer in the Field

  19. Approach 0: Support Deminer in the Field Camera Trigger Display Color patch

  20. Approach 0: It Works! But… [Lahiru G. Jayatilaka, Luca F. Bertuccelli, James Staszewski, and Krzysztof Z. Gajos. Evaluating a pattern-based visual support approach for humanitarian landmine clearance. In Proc. CHI '11, New York, NY, USA, 2011. ACM.]

  21. Approach 1: Scaffold Trainees’ Learning

  22. Approach 1: Scaffold Trainees’ Learning

  23. Approach 1: Scaffold Trainees’ Learning

  24. Approach 1: Scaffold Trainees’ Learning Overhead camera Instructor console training lane tracking computer

  25. Approach 1: Scaffold Trainees’ Learning Camera Trigger Color patch

  26. Approach 1: Support Trainees Approach 1: Scaffold Trainees’ Learning Display

  27. Approach 1: Support Trainees Approach 1: Scaffold Trainees’ Learning

  28. Approach 1: Support Trainees Approach 1: Scaffold Trainees’ Learning

  29. Approach 1: Lessons Learned • Real-time visualizations were not effective • PETALS allowed instructors to monitor performance of multiple trainees simultaneously • PETALS allowed instructors to communicate personalized process feedback after completion of each practice lane

  30. Approach 2: Support Instructors

  31. Approach 2: Support Instructors

  32. Approach 2: Support Instructors Target Lock Gapping

  33. Approach 2: Support Instructors

  34. Approach 2: Support Instructors Overhead camera Instructor console training lane tracking computer

  35. Approach 2: Support Instructors “I can walk up here [to the instructor console] and within 2 seconds I can say, ‘he doesn’t need anymore Overhead camera help’, ‘he doesn’t need anymore help’ ... or ‘this guy might need help’.” –an HDTC instructor Instructor console training lane tracking computer

  36. Approach 2: Support Instructors

  37. Summative Evaluation

  38. Summative Evaluation

  39. Summative Evaluation 1. Initial lecture

  40. Summative Evaluation 2. Training

  41. Summative Evaluation 3. Exam

  42. 1. Initial lecture

  43. 2. Training “Type a quote here.” –Johnny Appleseed

  44. 2. Training

  45. 2. Training

  46. 3. Exam

  47. Take Aways • Metal detectors are still the primary tool in humanitarian landmine clearance

  48. Take Aways x x x x x x x x • Metal detectors are still the primary tool in humanitarian x x landmine clearance • The Metallic Signature technique is used by experts to reason about type of buried objects and cluster configurations. But this technique is hard to learn.

  49. Take Aways • Metal detectors are still the primary tool in humanitarian landmine clearance • The Metallic Signature technique is used by experts to reason about type of buried objects and cluster configurations. But this technique is hard to learn. • Real time visualization of metallic signatures increased cognitive burden on trainees instead of reducing it.

  50. Take Aways • Metal detectors are still the primary tool in humanitarian landmine clearance • The Metallic Signature technique is used by experts to reason about type of buried objects and cluster configurations. But this technique is hard to learn. • Real time visualization of metallic signatures increased cognitive burden on trainees instead of reducing it. • Visualization helped trainers provide trainees with immediate and personalized process feedback.

  51. Take Aways • Metal detectors are still the primary tool in humanitarian landmine clearance • The Metallic Signature technique is used by experts to reason about type of buried objects and cluster configurations. But this technique is hard to learn. • Real time visualization of metallic Krzysztof Z. Gajos 
 signatures increased cognitive (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences) burden on trainees instead of reducing it. • Visualization helped trainers provide trainees with immediate and personalized process .org feedback.

  52. Take Aways • Metal detectors are still the Lahiru Jayatilaka 
 (Red Lotus Technologies) primary tool in humanitarian David M. Sengeh 
 landmine clearance (IBM Research - Africa) Charles Herrmann 
 • The Metallic Signature technique (Cornell University) is used by experts to reason about Luca Bertuccelli 
 type of buried objects and cluster (Sensitech) configurations. But this technique Dimitrios Antos 
 (Verily Life Sciences) is hard to learn. Barbara J. Grosz 
 • Real time visualization of metallic (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences) Krzysztof Z. Gajos 
 signatures increased cognitive (Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences) burden on trainees instead of reducing it. • Visualization helped trainers provide trainees with immediate and personalized process .org feedback.

  53. Innovation = Invention + Implementation

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