Person - number marking in Laki verb inflection: Some implications for the interfaces of morphology Sahar Taghipour Gregory Stump University of Toronto University of Kentucky May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 1
Canonically, a single set of morphosyntactic properties determines both a word form’s syntax and its in fl ectional realization. May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 2
Canonically, a single set of morphosyntactic properties determines both a word form’s syntax and its in fl ectional realization. In Latin, the association of the morphosyntactic property set {1 st singular future indicative passive} with the form vid ē bor of the verb VID Ē RE ‘see’ determines both a) the fact that as a passive form, it is syntactically intransitive and has its ‘object of perception’ argument as its subject, and May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 3
Canonically, a single set of morphosyntactic properties determines both a word form’s syntax and its in fl ectional realization. In Latin, the association of the morphosyntactic property set {1 st singular future indicative passive} with the form vid ē bor of the verb VID Ē RE ‘see’ determines both a) the fact that as a passive form, it is syntactically intransitive and has its ‘object of perception’ argument as its subject, and b) the fact that it exhibits -b , -o and -r as the respective exponents of future tense, fi rst-person singular agreement and passive voice. May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 4
This canonical pattern is widely assumed to re fl ect a grammatical architecture in which a word form’s syntax and morphology are invariably sensitive to the same property set. This assumption, however, is questionable, since apparent deviations from this canonical pattern are far from rare. May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 5
This canonical pattern is widely assumed to re fl ect a grammatical architecture in which a word form’s syntax and morphology are invariably sensitive to the same property set. This assumption, however, is questionable, since apparent deviations from this canonical pattern are far from rare. May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 6
Here, we discuss a particularly clear example of just such a deviation, that of person-number marking in the system of verb in fl ection in Laki, an Iranian language (Taghipour 2017). We argue that Laki requires a grammatical architecture in which the morphosyntactic property set that determines a word form’s syntax may be distinct from the property set to which its in fl ectional realization is sensitive. May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 7
Here, we discuss a particularly clear example of just such a deviation, that of person-number marking in the system of verb in fl ection in Laki, an Iranian language (Taghipour 2017). We argue that Laki requires a grammatical architecture in which the morphosyntactic property set that determines a word form’s syntax may be distinct from the property set to which its in fl ectional realization is sensitive. May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 8
Talk outline 1. Person and number (P/N) in Laki verb in fl ection • The default pattern • Transitive verbs in preterite tenses 2. A mismatch between present and preterite verb in fl ection: 3. Accounting for the mismatch: The Laki mismatch arises at the interface of a syntactic pattern and a morphological pattern 4. The property mapping pm 5. Conclusion May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 9
1. Person and number (P/N) in Laki verb in fl ection A Laki verb’s in fl ection for person and number embodies an accusative pattern: a fi nite verb obligatorily agrees with its subject in person and number. In the absence of an overt object constituent, the person and number of a transitive verb’s object may also be expressed by pronominal marking on the verb. (1) a. me Ali=ya mown - em . b. mown - em=et. I Ali= DEF . OBJ see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG = OBJ .2 SG ‘I see Ali.’ ‘I see you.’ (2) det - al=a hat - en . girl - PL = DEF come . PAST - SBJ .3 PL ‘The girls came.’ May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 10
1. Person and number (P/N) in Laki verb in fl ection A Laki verb’s in fl ection for person and number embodies an accusative pattern: a fi nite verb obligatorily agrees with its subject in person and number. In the absence of an overt object constituent, the person and number of a transitive verb’s object may also be expressed by pronominal marking on the verb. (1) a. me Ali=ya mown - em . b. mown - em =et . I Ali= DEF . OBJ see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG = OBJ .2 SG ‘I see Ali.’ ‘I see you.’ (2) det - al=a hat - en . girl - PL = DEF come . PAST - SBJ .3 PL ‘The girls came.’ May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 11
1. P/N in Laki verb in fl ection: The default pattern Some P/N markers are su ffi xes; others are clitics. The person-number su ffi xes serve as obligatory marks of subject agreement in the present tense (1) and in intransitive clauses in the preterite tenses (2). The clitics serve as pronominal object markers in the present (1b). (1) a. me Ali=ya mown - em . b. mown - em =et . I Ali= DEF . OBJ see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG = OBJ .2 SG ‘I see Ali.’ ‘I see you.’ (2) det - al=a hat - en . girl - PL = DEF come . PAST - SBJ .3 PL ‘The girls came.’ May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 12
1. P/N in Laki verb in fl ection: The default pattern Some P/N markers are su ffi xes; others are clitics. The P/N su ffi xes serve as obligatory marks of subject agreement in the present tense (1) and in intransitive clauses in the preterite tenses (2). The clitics serve as pronominal object markers in the present (1b). (1) a. me Ali=ya mown - em . b. mown - em=et. I Ali= DEF . OBJ see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG = OBJ .2 SG ‘I see Ali.’ ‘I see you.’ (2) det - al=a hat - en . girl - PL = DEF come . PAST - SBJ .3 PL ‘The girls came.’ May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 13
1. P/N in Laki verb in fl ection: The default pattern Some P/N markers are su ffi xes; others are clitics. The P/N su ffi xes serve as obligatory marks of subject agreement in the present tense (1) and in intransitive clauses in the preterite tenses (2). The clitics serve as pronominal object markers in the present (1b). (1) a. me Ali=ya mown - em . b. mown - em =et . I Ali= DEF . OBJ see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG see. PRS - SBJ .1 SG = OBJ .2 SG ‘I see Ali.’ ‘I see you.’ (2) det - al=a hat - en . girl - PL = DEF come . PAST - SBJ .3 PL ‘The girls came.’ May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 14
1. P/N in Laki verb in fl ection: Transitive verbs in preterite tenses Transitive verbs exhibit a di f ferent pattern in the preterite tenses. P/N su ffi xes serve as pronominal object markers and obligatory subject agreement is marked by a clitic in VP-second position—except in the third-person singular, where it is marked by a clitic hosted by the verb. (3) Subject - agreement clitics in preterite transitives • Clitic occupies second position within VP (= VP2) a. me Ali =m di. b. di - n =em . I Ali = SBJ .1 SG see. PST see. PST - OBJ .2 SG = SBJ .1 SG ‘I saw Ali.’ ‘I saw you.’ • Vd Vdn b gl op o ⁔ o f bȷ bȷ h h p p h b c. Ddp - a A ȷ h ch p 3 h ш d. ⸨ Ddp - a A ȷ h 3 h ch p ш girl - DEF Ali see . PST = SBJ .3 SG ‘The girl saw Ali.’ May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 15
1. P/N in Laki verb in fl ection: Transitive verbs in preterite tenses Transitive verbs exhibit a di f ferent pattern in the preterite tenses. P/N su ffi xes serve as pronominal object markers and obligatory subject agreement is marked by a clitic in VP-second position—except in the third-person singular, where it is marked by a clitic hosted by the verb. (3) Subject - agreement clitics in preterite transitives • Clitic occupies second position within VP (= VP2) a. me Ali =m di. b. di - n =em . I Ali = SBJ .1 SG see. PST see. PST - OBJ .2 SG = SBJ .1 SG ‘I saw Ali.’ ‘I saw you.’ • Verb hosts 3sg clitic c. Det - a Ali dit =i . d. *Det - a Ali =i dit. girl - DEF Ali see . PST = SBJ .3 SG ‘ The girl saw Ali.’ May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 16
2. A mismatch between present and preterite verb in fl ection May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 17
2. A mismatch between present and preterite verb in fl ection A P/N su ffi x precedes a P/N clitic in any verb form carrying both. Thus, present and preterite verb forms in Laki participate in an in fl ectional mismatch: Intransitives Transitives Subject Subject Pronominal Ordering of adjacent agreement agreement object P/N markers Present suffix suffix vbl clitic V - suffix =clitic suffix VP2 clitic suffix Preterite V - suffix =clitic BUT: 3sg: unmarked 3sg: vbl clitic 3sg: unmarked May 10 2018 International Morphology Meeting 18, Budapest 18
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