Perf rform rmance Evalu luatio ion of Se Sele lected Pla lants and Ir Iron Rich ich Media ia for r Removal l of f PPCP CPs s fr from Wastewater in Co in Constructed Wetl tlands oottatep, S. K. Cha Chapagain , V. H. N. Pho T. Koo hong, Pan anuvatvanic ich - AI AIT K. H. Ahn Ahn - KI KIST C. Polpr olprasert – Th Thammasat Uni niversit ity 23/09/59 1
Outline In Introduction Objective Methodology Results an and dis iscussion Con onclu lusions 23/09/59 2
In Introduction Pharmaceuticals ls and personal care products ts (PPC (PPCPs) WWTPs s ar are les ess s efficient Dis ischar arge to to environment en 23/09/59 3
Introduction In RO Ozonation (Kimura et al., 2009) (Andreozzi et al., 2005) Process optimization AOP (Carballa et al., 2007) (Ternes et al., 2003) 23/09/59 4 4/33
In Introduction WWTS: De Developin ing cou ountrie ies On On-site san sanitation systems (O (OSS) or or De Decentralized wastewater tr treatment system (D (DEWATS) ar are commonly use sed. Over 80 80% of of domestic wastewater is is tr treated OOS in in Thail iland Per cap apit ita con onsumption of of Anti tibiotic an and pain ainkill iller ar are als also hig igh 23/09/59 5
In Introduction Alternatives Constructed wetland Fenton reaction Fe source + H 2 O 2 23/09/59 6
Objectives PPCPs CWs 1 Ch Characterize H 2 O 2 gen eneration and PPCPs rem emoval of of sele elected aquatic pla lants Removal Mechanism Effect of plant, media Examin ine per erformance ir iron-rich med edia in in PPCP CPs H 2 O 2 2 removal in in la lab-scale CW CWs Research gaps 23/09/59 7
3. . Meth thodology Porous media st stag 1 st age experim iment Batch mode Hydroponic conditions nd stag 2 nd age exp xperiment Batch mode Actual wastewater rd stage expe 3 rd perim iment Continuous mode 23/09/59 Actual wastewater 8
Conceptual fr framework Phas Ph ase e 3 Phas Phase 2 2 Phase 1 Phas 1 Materia Actu tual l WW WW Synth Sy thetic ic WW WW Actu tual WW WW ial ACT conc. = = 10 10,000 μg /l /l ACT, AMX, ß – EST & mixtur ure e = = 10,00 000 0 μg /l /l ACT, AMX, ß - EST T = 1, 1000 μg /l /l CON ONTI TINUOU OUS S MOD ODE BATCH MODE BATCH MODE • Cattail Experim Exper il ( Typha sps sps ), ), • 30 • Pl 30 da days Plan ant sp specie ies: Vetiv tiver • Vetiv tiver ( Vetiv iveria ria zizanio ioid ides ), ), • 6 6 da days sam samplin ling interval • HR HRT = = 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7 7 da days iments • Reed ( Ph Phragmites au austra ralis is ) • Pl Plan ant sp specie ies: Vetiv etiver er • Wi With th & & wi with thout po porous • Bird of of parad adise ( Streli elitzi tzia • Wi With th por porous me media ia media me ia re regin inae ) • HR HRT = 0, 3, 7 da days Out • Aqu utcomes Aqueous H 2 O 2 • • End Endogenous H 2 O 2 in in pla plant Endogenous and aqueous • ACT rem emoval H 2 O 2 • ACT, AMX, ß - EST removal • NH NH 4+ • effi ficiency ACT, AMX, ß - EST removal effi ficiency • De Degradation pa pathway s • Plan lant evaluation 23/09/59 9
st phase Results: 1 st H 2 O 2 conc. . in n pla plant 3,5 Catatil Reed Vetiver Bird of Paradise 3 2,5 Conc. H 2 O 2 (µ mol/g FW) 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 1 ppb 1000 ppb 1 ppb 1000 ppb 1 ppb 1000 ppb Acetaminophen Amoxicillin β -estradiol H 2 O 2 2 conc onc. . lacks lacks of of cl clear ear tren ends ds High ighes est H 2 O 2 2 in in bir bird d of of par paradise, adise, follo ollowed ed by ree eed, d, vetiver iver and and cattail. ail. H 2 O 2 conc onc. . were hig highe her at lo low dose dose of of PPCPs (1 s (1 ppb ppb) ) exce cept vetiver iver and and cattail. ail. Lo Low le levels els of of H 2 O 2 at hig high h le level el of of PPCPs d s dose ose is is lik likely ely due due to o it its i s involvem olvemen ent in in PPCPs r s remo emoval. al. H 2 O 2 was as ob obser erved ed rela elativ ively ely high high conc. onc. feedi eeding ng ACT, , wher hereas eas, , ele elevated ed H 2 O 2 le level el was as ob obser erved ed in in vetiver iver plan plants u s unde nder hig high h dose dose of of ACT (10 (1000 00 ppb ppb). ). ACT is is a a reac eactive ive and and mor ore e stress essful ful PPCP to o plan plant, , whe hereas, eas, vetiver iver plan plants s reac eact ACT stress ess mor ore e 10 23/09/59 sensit sensitively ively.
st phase Results: 1 st 100 100 ACT Removal percentage (%) Removal percentage (%) 80 80 PPC PPCP rem emoval l by y pla plants 60 60 40 40 95 95% removal for both low and high high doses 20 20 of of ACT in in 7 da days, 0 0 Day 0 Day 3 Day 7 Day 0 Day 3 Day 7 Removal of of AMX was lower than ACT CT, fluctuated 31 31-96 96% in in high high dose (100 000 100 100 AMX Removal percentage (%) ppb), and 54 54-96 96% feeding in in low dose (1 Removal percentage (%) 80 80 ppb). pp 60 60 40 In 40 In low dose of of feeding, g, majority of of plants except typha removed AMX AMX almost at at 20 20 95% in 95 in 7 da days. 0 0 Day 0 Day 3 Day 7 Day 0 Day 3 Day 7 AM AMX is is rec ecalcitrant ( Zh Zhan ang et et al al., 2014 2014 ). 100 100 β -EST Removal 80 Removal percentage (%) 80 of of β -EST was occurred at at Removal percentage (%) smoothly, which was removed for 95 95-99 99% 60 60 in 7 da in day 40 40 ACT and β -EST were removed efficiently 20 20 by all by all 4 ch chosen pla lants. 0 0 Day 0 Day 3 Day 7 Day 0 Day 3 Day 7 23/09/59 11 1 1 ppb ppb 1000 pp ppb
nd phase Results: 2 nd All l pla plants dem demonstr trated well ell po potentia ial of of H 2 O 2 H 2 O 2 concentratio ions in n water pr production. . 14 Day 0 Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 12 Robust roo oot, t, Veti tiver 10 pla plant was as sel selected 8 Conc. H 2 O 2 (µ mol/L) 6 4 2 0 without with media without with media without with media without with media media media media media Acetaminophen Amoxicillin Bata-estradiol Hospital wastewater with 3 PPCPs Hig igh le levels of of H 2 O 2 wer ere ob obse served in in reactors op operated with ithout me media H 2 O 2 increased in in the consecutive sampling event (3 day), and then declined in in the subsequent sa sub sampling da day (5 da days and and 7 da days) s). In In contrast, H 2 O 2 conc. in in reactors containing iron rich media was raised continuousl sly for or 7 da days, s, except reac eactor fed edding with ith ho hosp spital al was astewater. A relatively low level of of H 2 O 2 in in use of of media use was likely due to to Fenton reaction 23/09/59 12 catalyzed by by ir iron.
nd phase Results: 2 nd En Endogenous H 2 O 2 in n pla plant 2,5 Day 0 Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 2 Concentration H 2 O 2 (µmol/g FW) 1,5 1 0,5 0 without with media without with media without with media without with media media media media media Acetaminophen Amoxicillin Bata-estradiol Hospital wastewater High High con onc. H 2 O 2 was as ob observ rved in in pl plants in in reactor or wi without med media ia Increased conc. of of H 2 O 2 wit ith in increasing HRTs (i (i.e. 5 and 7 days), ), could ld be be due due to to acc accumula lation of of H 2 O 2 pr prod oduced in in resp esponse to to str tress Lo Low le levels ls of of H 2 O 2 observed in in reactor havin ing media ia, li likely resu sult lt of of advance Fen enton reac eactio ion 23/09/59 13
rd phase Results: 3 rd Con Continuous fee eeding for or 1 mon onth 100% 80% Removal (%) 60% 40% 20% 0% Day 0 Day 6 Day12 Day 18 Day 24 Day 30 Operation time (days) It It sho hows the the inc ncreased rem emoval ACT wi with inc ncreasin ing op oper eratio ion ti time Rem emoved >99 99% in in 12 12 da days of of op oper eratio ion. 23/09/59 14
rd phase Results: 3 rd Degradation of ACT to end product CH 3 -CO-NH 2 + ·OH → CH 3 -COO - + NH 4 + 12 30 10 25 + concentration (mg/L) + NH NH 4 in increase aft fter H 2 O 2 concentration ( μ M) 8 20 day 12 12 6 15 4 10 NH 4 2 5 0 0 Day 0 Day 6 Day 12 Day 18 Day 24 Day 30 Operation time (days) H2O2 NH4+ 23/09/59 H 2 O 2 con oncentratio ion in n pl plan ant t rhiz hizosphere (con ontin inuous mod mode) 15
Conclusions Veti tiver pla plants was as a mos ost ap appropria iate Levels ls of of H 2 O 2 was found hig igher in in water, and pla lant le leaves in in reactor without med edia H 2 O 2 was lo low observ rved in in water and pla lants in in use use of of media ia, indicated the occ occurrence of of Fenton rea eaction ACT CT was removed more effic icie iently (i.e. 98 98.4 % and 97 97.5%) than AMX and β - EST (73 73 -92 92%), ), whereas, positi tive role le of of iron-rich media ia was observ rved in in PPC PPCPs rem emoval. Ir Iron rich media ia couplin ing Fenton reactio ion was promis ising ,favored the advanced degradati tion of of ACT CT, yie ielding inorganic and le less toxic ic final products + -N suc such as as NH NH 4 16 23/09/59
Thank you very ry much 23/09/59 17
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