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Corr rresp espond ondenc ence a e analys alysis is as a tool t ol to perf rform orm the e e embedd mbedded ed actor tor. A . An exampl ample e fro from mobil biliti ities es studi udies es PD DR. KATHARINA MANDERSCHEID UNIVERSITÄT LUZERN

Overview • Theoretical Background: • Mobilities Paradigm Theoretical Background • Relational understanding of practices • Methodological Foundation Methodologic al • Empirical Analysis Foundation • Data description Empirical Analysis • Regression analysis • Multiple correspondence analysis Conclusion • Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 2

Mobilities Paradigm „[A]ll social relationships should be seen as involving diverse 'connections' that are Theore Theoreti tica cal more or less 'at distance', more or less Backgrou Backgr ound nd fast, more or less intense and more or less involving physical movement. Social Methodologic al relations are never only fixed or located Foundation in place but are to very varying degrees constituted through 'circulating Empirical Analysis entities'.“ (Urry 2007: 46) Conclusion  Social formations emerge through and are stabilised by mobilities  Focus on interrelations of different forms of spatial and virtual mobilities, movement 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 3

Spatial mobility as a relational practice - Mobilities as a social practice, embedded in a multiplicity of social, material and spatial contexts Theoreti Theore tica cal - Ability to move requires specific resources Backgr Backgrou ound nd (competences, money, information … cf. Kaufmann et al. 2004) Methodologic al - Mobility actors negotiate their movements Foundation within their socia cial n l networ etwork Empirical - Negotiations take place within spatia atial a l and d Analysis geog ograp raphic hical s al situa tuatio tions ns (public transportation and traffic infrastructures, Conclusion geographies of employment and housing opportunities, child care facilities etc.)  Mobility practices shaped by social structures 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 4

Methodological foundation - Antipositivist understanding of science: - Methods and methodologies extend and project Theoretical Background theoretical axiomes into the empirical world (Kuhn 1962; Diaz-Bone 2010) Method Methodol olog ogic ic  Methods as carriers of theoretical al al Founda Foundati tion on assumptions  Perf rform ormati ative ve view o ew on metho thods ds as element of Empirical French Epistemology (Bachelard, Barthes, Analysis Canguilhem, Foucault) - STS quote: Social research practices “ enact Conclusion realities and they can help to bring into being what they also discover ” (Law/Urry 2004: 393) 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 5

Intermediate conclusion Empirical analyses of mobility practices should account for 1. observable patterns of the practices of Theoretical interest, e.g. a set of interrelated Background geographical movements like residential mobility and commuting; Method Methodol olog ogic ic al al 2. the relational embedding of movement into Founda Foundati tion on social networks , e.g. households. This entails also to focus on relational effects Empirical of mobility, e.g. that movement of one member Analysis of the household necessitates immobility of another; Conclusion 3. the structuring of movement patterns by geographical spatial situation , e.g. transportation and traffic infrastructures, employment geographies, etc. 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 6

Data and operationalisation • Data: Swiss Household Panel 2012 (+ some information from 2004) • Research interest: job related mobilities: daily commuting Theoretical Background time and (cross-cantonal) residential mobility • (heterosexual) couples aged 30-65 years as cases; Methodologic n=1995 al • Variables of social context: Foundation • Age: male mean age: 50.1 years, female mean age: 47.7 years • Children in the household (2/3 with children) Empiri Empirica cal • Education Analysis Analys is • Household income • Distribution of work between spouses • Variables of spatial context: Conclusion • Urban/rural settlement • Car available • House ownership 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 7

Des escr cript ptives es 1. R Residenti idential al mobility ility and and leng length of of Theoretical Background residence idence • 6% (n=115) moved between 2004 and 2012 from Methodologic al one canton into anther. Foundation • Length of residence at the current place: ≤ 5 6-12 2 13 13-18 18 ≥ 19 Empiri Empirica cal yea years yea years yea years yea years Analys Analysis is 33% 28% (281) 13% (125) 26% (323) (262) Conclusion Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded 24.03.2015 8 mobile actor

Descriptives 2. Commuting Mobility Average daily commuting time in minutes Theoretical Background Women Men Methodologic al 2012 44 51 Foundation 2004 40 48 2012 with children 41 52 Empiri Empirica cal Analysis Analys is 2012 without children 51 49 Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 9

OLS Regression Analysis Commuting Time Woman Commuting Time Man (R²0.124, p<0.01) (R²=0.064; p<0.01) Estimate Std. Error t Estimate Std. Error t Theoretical Intercept 29.43* 12.89 2.28 28.78* 13.40 2.15 Background own education 9.95*** 1.98 5.03 8.34*** 2.29 3.64 Methodologic own age -0.63* 0.28 -2.22 -0.12 0.28 -0.42 al children (no children) 5.69* 2.79 2.04 -8.05** 2.89 -2.78 Foundation Partner's comtime -0.01 0.03 -0.42 -0.01 0.03 -0.42 Empiri Empirica cal Partner's edu 0.65 2.22 0.29 5.15* 2.08 2.48 Analys Analysis is Partner's age 0.05 0.27 0.18 -0.10 0.30 -0.34 household Income 8.66*** 1.54 5.62 4.11* 1.62 2.54 Conclusion car available -13.81** 5.27 -2.62 1.26 5.50 0.23 house (tenant) 4.73 2.72 1.74 -3.20 2.83 -1.13 urban 2.03 1.50 1.36 -0.04 1.56 -0.02 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 10 move (no move) -6.28 4.84 -1.30 -12.52* 5.02 -2.50

Space of mobility practices Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analysis Analys is Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 11

Space of mobility practices Theoretical Background Methodologic High residential and al commuting mobility Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analysis Analys is Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 12

Space of mobility practices Employed in temporal proximity Theoretical Background Methodologic High residential and al commuting mobility Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analysis Analys is Not employed Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 13

Space of mobility practices Employed in temporal proximity Theoretical Background Methodologic High residential and al commuting mobility Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analysis Analys is Nicht erwerbstätig Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 14

Space of mobility practices Employed in temporal proximity Theoretical Background Methodologic High residential and al commuting mobility Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analysis Analys is Not employed Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 15

Space of mobility practices Employed in temporal proximity Theoretical Background Methodologic High residential and al commuting mobility Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analysis Analys is Not employed Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 16

Socio-economic context Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analysis Analys is Conclusion 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 17

Socio-economic context Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is age Conclusion Income/education 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 18

Socio-economic context Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is age Conclusion Income/education 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 19

Socio-economic context Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is age Conclusion Income/education 24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 20