Pa Particu ticulate late Magnetic gnetic Ta Tape pe fo for Data ta Sto torage rage and d Fu Futur ture e Te Technologies hnologies Masahito OYANAGI Recording Media Research Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation
Outline 1. Background • Exponential growth of data and storage • Advantages of tape storage 2. Innovation of Tape technologies • Key technologies to increase capacity • Future tape technologies 3. Summary 1 1
Outline 1. Background • Exponential growth of data and storage • Advantages of tape storage 2. Innovation of Tape technologies • Key technologies to increase capacity • Future tape technologies 3. Summary 2 2
Exponential Growth of Data and Storage Researches Resource exploration Pharmaceutical Medical care Aerospace 2025 HD(4K/8K) 162 ZB *1) 2013 4.4 ZB Weather forecast Movies Entertainment Government Finance Data center Security ITs *1) The IoT Cloud: Infrastructure Options for Accelerating the Shift to Digital Business Services, IDC, 2016. Because of the exponential data growth, the demand for storage is also increasing. 3 3
Demand for Tape Storage Source: http://www.lto.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/LTO_Media-Shipment-Report_3.22.16.pdf • Tape has increased its demand in the market with the background of the exponential data growth 4 4
Advantages of Tape Storage 1. Cost effectiveness - Low Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) 2. Energy efficiency - Low power consumption 3. High reliability - Low hard (unrecoverable) error rate - Long media life (30+years) 4. High capacity - 15TB per single cartridge - Continuous growth of cartridge capacity Tape storage is suitable for data archiving !! 5 5
Outline 1. Background • Exponential growth of data and storage • Advantages of tape storage 2. Innovation of Tape technologies • Key technologies to increase capacity • Future tape technologies 3. Summary 6 6
Structure of Particulate Magnetic Tape Magnetic layer Magnetic particles Data recording Under layer Prevent static charge Roughness control Substrate Backcoat 50 nm Prevent static charge 7 7
Cartridge Capacity Trends 220 TB (2015) ◇ INSIC Roadmap(2015) 1,000.0 ◆ Tape demo ◆ MP ◆ BF LTO ● MP ● BF Enterprise IBM-Fujifilm demo Cartridge Capacity [TB] 100.0 INSIC Roadmap (2015) 10.0 Barium Ferrite (BaFe) 1.0 Metal particles (MP) 0.1 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Year • IBM-Fujifilm have been developing tape technologies to continuously increase cartridge capacity. • All the latest tape systems use Fujifilm’s BaFe particle technology. • The latest BaFe demo can support the next 10 years roadmap. 8 8
Key Technologies to Increase Capacity Extend tape length in a single cartridge Reduce tape total thickness Increase areal recording density Enhance recording performance • Thin & Uniform coating • Reduce tape surface roughness • Reduce magnetic particle size 9 9
Tape Thickness Trends 20 Tape total thickness ( μ m) LTO1(0.1 TB): 8.9 m m 15 Tape length : 609 m LTO7 (6TB): 5.6 m m Tape length : 960 m 10 5 ★ Demo(220TB) : 4.3 m m 0 Tape length : 1,240 m 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year • Thickness of tape media decreases year by year. • The demo(220TB) achieved a thickness of 4.3 m m, enabling tape length to exceed 1.2 km in a cartridge! 10 10
Magnetic Layer Thickness Trends 10.00 Magnetic layer thickness ( μ m) 1.00 0.10 LTO7(6TB) LTO1(0.1TB) ★ 50 nm 110 nm 0.01 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year • Thickness of magnetic layer decreases year by year. • Fujifilm has been developing advanced coating technologies to reduce magnetic layer thickness. 11 11
Surface Roughness Trends LTO7(6TB) LTO1(0.1TB) 8 Surface roughness, Ra (nm) 6 4 2 Demo(220TB) ★ 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year • Surface roughness of tape media decreases year by year. • The demo media achieved a much smoother surface as compared to the production media. 12 12
Magnetic Particle Volume Trends LTO1(0.1TB) LTO1(0.1TB) LTO5(1.5TB) 1,000,000 Metal Particles Particle Volume (nm3) 100,000 100 nm 100 nm 10,000 Limit of MP 1,000 100 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year • The size of magnetic particle decreases year by year. • Metal particles (MP) faced limit to reduce their size below 2,800 nm 3 . 13 13
Magnetic Particle Volume Trends (Cont’d) LTO1(0.1TB) LTO1(0.1TB) LTO5(1.5TB) 1,000,000 Metal Particles Particle Volume (nm3) 100,000 100 nm 100 nm 10,000 Limit of MP ★ 1,000 LTO7(6TB) BaFe 100 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year 100 nm • The size of magnetic particle decreases year by year. • Metal particles (MP) faced limit to reduce their size below 2,800 nm 3 . BaFe has become the de facto standard for tape storage 14 14
Size constraint on Metal Particles Coersivity vs. particle volume 250 Coercivity (kA/m) 200 MP 150 100 500 1500 2500 3500 4500 Particle Volume (nm3) • Reducing the particle size to less than 2,800 nm 3 degraded the magnetic coercivity, which is critical to long-term storage of recorded data Capacity limit with metal particles 15 15
Advantages of BaFe particle Coersivity vs. particle volume 250 BaFe Coercivity (kA/m) 200 MP 150 100 500 1500 2500 3500 4500 Particle Volume (nm3) • The coercivity of Bafe particles is independent on their size, and controllable by changing the particle composition The size of BaFe particles can be reduced for increased capacity! 16 16
Metal particles vs BaFe particles MP BaFe Particle Shape magnetization axis Passivation layer Acicular Hexagonal platelets Material FeCo alloy BaO(Fe 2 O 3 ) 6 Oxide Origin of magnetic Shape anisotropy Magneto-crystalline energy anisotropy Passivation layer Required Not Required • The magnetic properties of BaFe particles are not influenced by their particle shape. • A passivation layer is not required since BaFe particles are oxides. The size of BaFe particles can be reduced without degradation of their magnetic properties 17 17
Outline 1. Background • Exponential growth of data and storage • Advantages of tape storage 2. Innovation of Tape technologies • Key technologies to increase capacity • Future tape technologies 3. Summary 18 18
Perpendicular Orientation Technology Particle orientation Recording system Longitudinal orientation (MP tape) Longitudinal Magnetic Recording Random orientation (Current BaFe tape) Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Highly perpendicular orientation (Demo 2015) • BaFe particles can be oriented in perpendicular direction. PMR, which contributed to increase capacity of HDD can be applied in the tape storage system. 19 19
Magnetic Particle Volume Trends 100,000 MP BF Particle Volume (nm3) 10,000 Demo (220TB) 1,600 nm 3 ★ 1,000 100 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Year • For the future tape, technologies to reduce particle size to less than 1,000 nm 3 will be required. 20 20
Ultra Fine Magnetic Particle Technology Barium Ferrite Strontium Ferrite NEW!! 1,600 nm 3 Particle volume 900 nm 3 Capacity (demo) 220 TB (To be confirmed) • Fujifilm has successfully developed “ Strontium ferrite particles ”, with a particle volume of 900 nm 3 . 21 21
Cartridge Capacity Trends ◇ INSIC Roadmap(2015) 1,000.0 ◆ Tape demo ◆ MP ◆ BF LTO ● MP ● BF Enterprise SrFe IBM-Fujifilm demo Cartridge Capacity [TB] 100.0 INSIC Roadmap (2015) 10.0 BaFe 1.0 MP 0.1 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 BaFe can support the next 10 year’s tape roadmap. SrFe will enable to further high capacity cartridge in the future !! 22 22
Summary • Tape storage is suitable for data archiving owing to its advantages. • The cartridge capacity of particulate tapes has increased as a result of innovations in tape technology . • Fujifilm’s BaFe particle technology contributes to continuous growth of cartridge capacity of tape storage, and can support tape roadmap over the next 10 years. • Fujifilm has successfully developed “ Strontium ferrite particles ”, with a volume of 900 nm 3 , which will enable to further high capacity cartridge in the future. Future of tape storage is brighter than ever!! 23 23
Appendix 25 25
New Role of Tape as Cold Data Storage 100 Hot tier Percentage in all access (%) 80 Access frequently (50-80%) / Very small capacity (<10%) 60 Warm tier Access sometimes / small capacity (20%) 40 Tape storage Cold tier Access rarely / Huge capacity (80%) 20 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage in all storage capacity (%) • Most data is very rarely accessed, however, data must be retained for preservation to ensure compliance with legal requirements or, for future reference to analyze business opportunities.** Storage for COLD data has become a HOT topic • But budget is limited. Reliable yet inexpensive storage media is required. 26 26 *90% data in NAS is never accessed. (Source: University of California, Santa Cruz) **Retention of 20 year or more is required by 70%. (Source: SNIA-100 year archive survey)
LTO Roadmap Source; https://www.lto.org/technology/what-is-lto-technology/ 27 27
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