Outline Background: Water as a resource Context: REWARD project - PDF document

TUM School of Management Technische Universität München Modelling water reuse in the food industry Opportunities and challenges Renzo Akkerman Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Professor in Operations Management and Technology, TUM School of Management, Technische Universität München REWARD This presentation is 
 part of the 2014 SFSU Business Ethics Week 1 TUM School of Management Technische Universität München Outline • Background: • Water as a resource • Context: REWARD project à Interdisciplinary research Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • State of the art • Current research challenges 2 1

TUM School of Management Technische Universität München Water as a resource • Lots of water wasted in food and bioprocessing industries • Cleaning, cooling, heating, transportation, … • Increasingly scarce resource à costs • Also: environmental impact à Legislation Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • Significant reuse opportunities, but lacking technical and management methods to assure high-quality and safe reuse • “Companies that fail to take action face the threat of business interruption, reputational and regulatory risks” (PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2011) 3 TUM School of Management Technische Universität München Water as a resource What are we using water for? • … Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Freshwater availability … 4 Sources: http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article77.html; http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use/index.stm 2

TUM School of Management Technische Universität München Water as a resource What are we using water for? • … Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Freshwater availability … and water scarcity (also in developed countries) 5 Sources: http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article77.html; http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use/index.stm TUM School of Management Technische Universität München REWARD – Interdisciplinary research Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering “Combining real-time monitoring and sensor development with clear quality and safety guidelines in pro-active management support” 6 See also: http://models.life.ku.dk/reward 3

TUM School of Management Technische Universität München REWARD – Role of TUM Water Supply Chain Management in food and bioprocessing • Develop decision support tools for water reduction and reuse • Strong link to water quality parameters and measuring technologies from the project partners Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • Application/development of tools for cases Work package leader: • Reduction and reuse of water resources School of Management • Within the process • Within the factory Other participants: • Within the supply chain • Relate to production planning and control / supply chain integration • Contribute to environmentally friendly and competitive industry 7 TUM School of Management Technische Universität München State of the art Extensive literature review: • Keyword search in • Web of Science Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • ScienceDirect • Title and abstract review • Identification of related papers • Full-text review + citation analysis à Final sample: 46 relevant papers à 9 4

TUM School of Management Technische Universität München State of the art 10 9 Extensive literature review: 8 7 6 Results / categorization 5 4 • Mostly chemical engineering journals 3 Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • Both batch and continuous processes 2 1 (food industry à Mainly batch) 0 Jour. of Cleaner Prod. Comp. & Chem. Eng. Chem. Eng. Science Chem. Eng. RSRCH & Design Adv. in Env. RSRCH Am. Inst. of Chem. Eng. Ind. & Eng. Chem. RSRCH Proc. Safety and Env. Prot. Res., Cons. and Rec. others • Variety of industries covered • Single contaminant vs. multiple • Mostly modelling approach + case example • Graphical methods • Optimization methods (over 3 decades) 10 TUM School of Management Technische Universität München State of the art Batch vs. continuous Extensive literature review: Results / categorization • Mostly chemical engineering journals Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • Both batch and continuous processes (food industry à Mainly batch) • Variety of industries covered 30 • Single contaminant vs. multiple 20 • Mostly modelling approach + case example 10 • Graphical methods 0 batch continuous • Optimization methods 11 5

TUM School of Management Technische Universität München State of the art 30 25 20 15 Extensive literature review: 10 5 0 process food chemical refinery; N/A Results / categorization industries industries process industries • Mostly chemical engineering journals Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • Both batch and continuous processes 10 dairy; edible (food industry à Mainly batch) 9 bean; corn 8 masa • Variety of industries covered winery 7 • Single contaminant vs. multiple 6 5 food in • Mostly modelling approach + case example 4 general 3 • Graphical methods brewery 2 • Optimization methods 1 0 fruit juice 12 TUM School of Management Technische Universität München State of the art – Example paper • Oliver et al. (2008), Journal of Cleaner Production • More infrastructure design than management (use of averages) • Basis: Winery in San Juan, Argentina F t’ E t’ F t E t • Focus on water use in cleaning operations Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • Contaminants: t’ i t i’ • Chemical oxygen demand (COD) k j k’ j’ • Total suspended solids (TSS) • Optimization model focuses on: E k F k E k’ F k’ • Number of necessary tanks Contaminant concentration • Destination tanks and feedings tank of every water stream • Additional freshwater flowrate above the minimum 13 6

TUM School of Management Technische Universität München State of the art – Example paper Tank washing 1 º (4) Tk1 Tank washing 2 º (22) Tank washing 1 º (21) • Oliver et al. (2008), Journal of Cleaner Production Floor cleaning (1) • More infrastructure design than management (use of averages) Floor cleaning (3) Floor cleaning (6) • Basis: Winery in San Juan, Argentina Land filter washing 1 º (7) F t’ E t’ F t E t • Focus on water use in cleaning operations Land filter washing 2 º (8) Vacuum filter washing 1 º (9) Vacuum filter washing 2 º (10) Vacuum pump seal 1 º (11) Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering t’ i t i’ • Contaminants: Land filter washing 2 º (24) Tk2 Floor cleaning (12) • Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Cartridge filter washing 2 º (26) Floor cleaning (20) k j k’ j’ Plates filter washing 1 º (23) Bottles rinsing (29) • Total suspended solids (TSS) Cartridge filter washing 1 º (25) • Optimization model focuses on: E k F k E k’ F k’ Floor cleaning (27) Vacuum pump seal 1 º (30) • Number of necessary tanks, Contaminant concentration • Destination tank and feeding tank of every water stream • Additional freshwater flowrate above the minimum Equipment washing (28) Centrifugation (13) Equipment washing (2) Tank washing 2 º (5) Equipment washing (14) 14 TUM School of Management Technische Universität München State of the art Graphical vs. optimization methods Single vs. multiple Extensive literature review: contaminants Results / categorization multiple 20 • Mostly chemical engineering journals Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • Both batch and continuous processes (food industry à Mainly batch) • Variety of industries covered single 16 • Single contaminant vs. multiple • Mostly modelling approach + case example • Graphical methods graphical optimization • Optimization methods 15 7

TUM School of Management Technische Universität München State of the art – Conclusions • Clear distinction between: • Graphical methods for a single contaminant in continuous processes • Optimization methods for multiple contaminants in batch processes à relevant for food production settings Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering • Mostly focused on design of production systems à Consideration of timing / planning decisions? à Especially for batch production, this would be essential • Link to engineering disciplines à Improved measuring à on-line decision making on reuse 19 TUM School of Management Technische Universität München Current work in REWARD waterflow Possibilities P 1 P 2 - Immediate reuse or recycle (w/o lag) • direct reuse • after treatment (usually continuous) P 1 treatment P 2 - Reuse at a later stage Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (with lag à may need buffer storage) • Treatment à Storage à Reuse • Treatment(Slower process) à Reuse P 1 treatment • Storage w/o treatment à Reuse P 1 treatment P 2 à Link to planning (and/or design)? à 20 8