October 2016 October 2016 WHAT IS FUSION? TWO FUSION TYPES - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

LAWSON CRITERION FOR FUSION YIELD: DENSITY * * CONFINEMENT T TIME * * TEMPERATURE - NEUTRONIC FUSION PROJECTS ONLY- 1,000,00 1,000 ,000,0 0,000 NET ENERG RGY 100,000 100,0 00,00 ,000 EAST NIF 10,0 10,000,00 ,000 n  T ( TeVsec/cm 3 ) W7-X JET 1,000,00 1,000 ,000 Z-Machine 100,000 100,0 00 10,00 10,000 General Fusion 1,000 1,000 100 100 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 April 11, 2017 Place

LAWSON CRITERION FOR FUSION YIELD: DENSITY * * CONFINEMENT T TIME * * TEMPERATURE - NEUTRONIC FUSION PROJECTS ONLY- 1 Billi 1 B illion on NET ENERG RGY 100 100 Milli Million on EAST NIF n  T ( TeVsec/cm 3 ) 10 M 10 Milli illion on W7-X JET 1 Million 1 Million Z-Machine 100,000 100,0 00 10,000 10,00 General Fusion 1,000 1,000 100 100 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 April 11, 2017 Place

FUSIO ION RACE: PRESSURE * TIM IME PRODUCT - NEUTRONIC FUSION PROJECTS ONLY- 10 Bi 10 Bill llio ion NET ENERG RGY 1 Billio illion ( atmosphere – microseconds ) EAST 100 M 10 0 Mill llio ion NIF 10 10 M Mill llion Pressure-Time W7-X JET 1 1 Milli lion Z-Machine 10 100, 0,000 000 10,000 10 000 General Fusion 1,000 1,00 10 100 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 April 11, 2017 Rank

WORLD LEADING FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH & & DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: S: FUNDING IN IN MILLIONS ($ ($) EAST, $40 JET, $3,000 EMC 2 , $12 Z-Machine, $140 W7-X, $1,300 Focus Fusion, $5 NIF,$5,000 General Fusion, $80 PALS, $3 ITER, $20,000 Tri-Alpha, $500 April 11, 2017

WORLD LEADING FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH & & DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: S: FUNDING IN IN MILLIONS ($ ($) EAST, $40 JET, $3,000 EMC 2 , $12 Z-Machine, $140 W7-X, $1,300 Focus Fusion, $5 NIF, $5,000 General Fusion, $80 PALS, $3 ITER, $20,000 Tri-Alpha, $500 April 11, 2017

WORLD LEADING NEUTRONIC FUSION ENERGY R & & D PROJECTS: S: FUNDING IN IN MIL ILLIONS ($ ($) EAST, $40 JET, $3,000 EMC2, $12 Z-Machine, $140 W7-X, $1,300 Focus Fusion, $5 NIF,$5,000 General Fusion, $80 PALS, $3 ITER, $20,000 Tri-Alpha, $500 April 11, 2017

October 2016

ANEUTRONIC FUSION PROJECTS Tri-Alpha EMC2 PALS Focus Fusion Helion April 11, 2017

ANEUTRONIC FUSION PROJECTS Tri-Alpha – Reversed Field Conf. EMC2 - Polywell PALS - LASER Focus Fusion – Dense Plasma Focus Helion – Reversed Field Configuration April 11, 2017

TRI-ALPHA

TRI-ALPHA Temperature, T = 1 keV Confinement time,  = 10 ms Density, n = 3x 10 13 /cm 3 Cost: $0.5 Billion+ April 11, 2017

TRI-ALPHA Performance Funding Tech Info Category: Aneutronic Temperature, T = 1 keV Private Funding: Type: Reversed Field Configuration Confinement time,  = 10 ms $0.5 Billion+ Experiments with: hydrogen Density, n = 3x 10 13 /cm 3 Plans to run with: Country: USA hydrogen & boron (pB11) Results: published April 11, 2017

EMC2 POLYWELL

EMC 2 POLYWELL IEC - Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Temperature, T = 6 keV Confinement time,  = 20 µs Density, n = 10 16 /cm 3 Cost: $12 Million+ April 11, 2017

EMC 2 POLYWELL Performance Tech Info Funding Temperature, Category: Aneutronic Type: IEC- inertial electrostatic T = 6 keV Private Funding: confinement $12 Million+ Confinement time, Experiments with: Hydrogen  = 20 µs Plans to run with: Density, Country: USA Hydrogen & Boron (pB11) n = 10 16 /cm 3 Results: published April 11, 2017

PALS LASER

PALS PB11 LASER CONCEPT

PALS PB11 Temperature, T = 50 keV Confinement Time,  = 1 ns Density, n = 2 x10 21 /cm 3 Cost: $3 Million April 11, 2017

PALS PB11 Performance Funding Tech Info Temperature, Category: Aneutronic Type: Laser T = 50 keV Government Funded: Experiments with: Confinement Time, Hydrogen-Boron  = 1 ns $3 Million Plans to run with: Density, Hydrogen & Boron n = 2 x10 21 /cm 3 Country: pB11 Czech Republic Results: published April 11, 2017

LAWSON CRITERION FOR FUSION YIELD: DENSITY * * CONFINEMENT TIME * T TEMPERATURE 1,000,00 1,000 ,000,0 0,000 NET ENERG RGY 100,0 100,000 00,00 ,000 EAST NIF 10,000,0 10,00 0,000 00 n  T ( TeVsec/cm 3 ) W7-X JET 1,000 1,000,00 ,000 Z-Machine 100,0 100,000 00 PALS 10,00 10,000 Tri- 1,000 1,000 EMC 2 General Fusion Alpha 100 100 Helion 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th th th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Place April 11, 2017

LAWSON CRITERION FOR FUSION Y YIELD: D DENSITY * CONFINEMENT T TIME * * T TEMPERATURE 1 Billi 1 B illion on NET ENERG RGY 100 Millio 100 Million EAST NIF 10 M 10 Milli illion on n  T ( TeVsec/cm 3 ) W7-X JET 1 Million 1 Million Z-Machine 100,0 100,000 00 PALS 10,00 10,000 Tri- 1,000 1,000 EMC 2 General Fusion Alpha 100 100 Helion 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th th th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Place April 11, 2017

FUSIO ION RACE: PRESSURE * * TIM IME P PRODUCT 10 Bi 10 Bill llio ion NET ENERG RGY 1 Bi 1 Bill llio ion EAST 10 100 M 0 Mill llio ion NIF PRESSURE-TIME 10 10 M Mill llion W7-X JET 1 1 Milli lion Z-Machine PALS 100, 10 0,000 000 10 10,000 000 2 Tri- General Fusion EMC Alpha 1,00 1,000 10 100 Helion 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th th th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 RANK April 11, 2017

October 2016

FOCUS FUSION – 1 EXPERIMENT AL DEVICE

DPF D - DENSE P - PLASMA F - FOCUS (DEVICE)

DPF RUNNING ON HYDROGEN - BORON (PB11) IS WHAT WE CALL FOCUS FUSION

PHYSIC ICS OF THE D DENSE PLASMA FOCUS DEVIC ICE PARALLEL CURRENTS ATTRACT: : PIN INCH EFFECT Ampere and the Pinch Effect http://vimeo.com/97608819

HOW FOCUS FUSION -1 WORKS

PLASMOID 8 ns after pinch

ENERGY CAPTURE DEVICE X-rays, Ion Beams; No turbines needed

October 2016

FOCUS FUSION - 1 Temperature, T =260 keV Confinement time,  = 30 ns Density, n = 3.2 x 10 19 /cm 3 Energy in: 60 kJ DD Energy out: 0.25 J Cost: $5 Million+ April 11, 2017

FOCUS FUSION - 1 Performance Funding Tech Info Category: Aneutronic Temperature, T =260 keV Confinement time,  = 30 ns Type: DPF Private Funding: $5 Density, n = 3.2x 10 19 /cm 3 Experiments with: Million+ Deuterium INT’L investors Plans to run with: Energy in: 60 kJ Hydrogen & Boron Country: USA DD Energy out: 0.25 J pB11 Results: published April 11, 2017

LAWSON CRITERION FOR F FUSION Y YIELD: D DENSITY * CONFINEMENT T TIME * * T TEMPERATURE 1,000 1,000,00 ,000,0 0,000 NET ENERG RGY 100,0 100,000 00,00 ,000 EAST NIF 10,00 10,000,0 0,000 00 n  T ( TeVsec/cm 3 ) W7-X JET 1,000 1,000,00 ,000 Focus Fusion Z-Machine 100,000 100,0 00 PALS 10,000 10,00 Tri- 1,000 1,000 EMC 2 General Fusion Alpha 100 100 Helion 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th th th th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Place April 11, 2017

LAWSON CRITERION FOR F FUSION Y YIELD: D DENSITY * CONFINEMENT T TIME * * T TEMPERATURE 1 B 1 Billi illion on NET ENERG RGY 100 100 Millio Million EAST NIF 10 Milli 10 M illion on n  T ( TeVsec/cm 3 ) W7-X JET 1 Million 1 Million Focus Fusion Z-Machine 100,0 100,000 00 PALS 10,00 10,000 Tri- 1,000 1,000 EMC 2 General Fusion Alpha 100 100 Helion 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th th th th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Place April 11, 2017

FUSION R RACE: P PRESURE * T TIME P PRODUCT 10 Bi 10 Bill llio ion NET ENERG RGY 1 1 Bi Bill llio ion EAST 10 100 M 0 Mill llio ion NIF 10 10 M Mill llion Pressure-Time W7-X JET Focus Fusion 1 Milli 1 lion Z-Machine PALS 100, 10 0,000 000 10,000 10 000 Tri- EMC 2 General Fusion Alpha 1,00 1,000 10 100 Helion 10 10 1 st nd rd th th th th th th th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rank April 11, 2017

WALL – PLUG EFFIC ICIE IENCY: FUSION ENERGY YIELD AS A PERCENT AGE OF ENERGY INPUT INTO THE DEVICE 10 100 % 0 % REASONS FOR NOT BEING INCLUDED IN CHART NET ENERG RGY ( Fusion deuterium yield /input energy ) 10 % 10 % ITER - Not built yet, expected by 2035 W7-X Fueled by hydrogen 1 1 % Wall Plug Efficiency Gen Fusion - Temperature too low, no 0. 0.1 1 % measurable fusion EMC 2 - No published yield results available 0.01 0. 01 % % JET Focus Fusion PALS - Not experimenting with deuterium, only 0.001 0. 001 % % Z-Machine with hydrogen-boron 0.0001 0. 0001 % % Tri-Alpha - Temp. too low, no measurable fusion yield NIF 0.00001 % 0. 00001 % EAST Helion - Temp. too low, no measurable fusion results available 0.000001 0. 000001 % st nd rd th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rank April 11, 2017

WALL – PLUG EFFIC ICIE IENCY: FUSION ENERGY YIELD AS A PERCENT AGE OF ENERGY INPUT INTO THE DEVICE 10 100 % 0 % NET ENERG RGY ( Fusion deuterium yield /input energy ) 10 % 10 % 1 % 1 Wall Plug Efficiency 0. 0.1 1 % 0. 0.01 01 % % JET Focus Fusion 0.001 0. 001 % % Z-Machine 0.0001 0. 0001 % % NIF 0.00001 % 0. 00001 % EAST 0. 0.000001 000001 % st nd rd th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rank April 11, 2017

WALL – PLUG EFFIC ICIE IENCY: FUSION ENERGY YIELD AS A PERCENT AGE OF ENERGY INPUT INTO THE DEVICE 100 % Wall Plug Efficiency ( Fusion deuterium yield NET ENERG RGY 10 % 10 1 % / input energy ) nth % one tenth h % one hundredth JET Focus Fusion h % one thous usandt ndth Z-Machine h % one ten-thou housandt ndth NIF h % one hundred-tho hous usandt ndth EAST nth % one millio lionth st nd rd th th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rank April 11, 2017

October 2016 October 2016 WHAT IS FUSION? TWO FUSION TYPES - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

October 2016 October 2016 WHAT IS FUSION? TWO FUSION TYPES NEUTRONIC ANEUTRONIC TWO FUSION TYPES NEUTRONIC ANEUTRONIC TWO FUSION TYPES NEUTRONIC ANEUTRONIC produces neutrons produces NO neutrons NEUTRONIC FUSION D+T ->

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