October 2015
1. The Natural Gas 2. Value chain 3. LNG Satellite Plants. 4. LNG Road Transport to Satellite Plants. 5. LNG Satellite Plants uses 6. Marine Applications 2
MOLGAS ENERGÍA S.A.U. Molgas is one of the leading designer and manufacturer of small ‐ scale LNG technologies. Molgas Group… More than 20 years of experience in the small scale LNG business due to the historically advanced position of Spain as the leader with Japan in the small scale LNG market. More than 150 regasification plants built in Europe in the …leading past decade. manufacturer of LNG plants With a fleet of over 110 tanks for LNG road transport, Molgas is the leading company of LNG transportation. We are currently delivering 6.900 GWh, per year (worth over 210 million€) through Europe. …biggest LNG truck company in Europe Actively involved in the LNG market, offering integral solutions to domestic, industrial and power generation clients: molecule, transport and regasification plants. Diversified portfolio on the supply of molecule. Strong presence in the LNG for light and heavy vehicles and starting presence in …more than 100 the bunkering sector industrial clients The use of LNG provides energetic savings for clients of approximately 26% The use of LNG provides energetic savings for clients of approximately 26% versus LPG and 20% versus fuel versus LPG and 20% versus fuel 3
MOLGAS ENERGÍA S.A.U. Key figures of the company today are: 110 LNG tankers (2 times our next competitor) providing LNG road truck transportation services to more than 150 clients throughout Spain, France and Portugal. We are currently delivering 6,900 GWh, per year (worth over 210 million€). The group is the biggest LNG transportation company in Europe. Over 100 clients to which we provide “the whole service”, i.e. designing & building the satellite plant, transport and sale of LNG; total amount of 1,600Gwh. Strong presence in Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Latam with an estimated market of 15,000 GWh (1,500 million€) in the next three years. 4
1. The Natural Gas It ´ s a gas combustible under normal conditions, mainly constituted by methane. Its maritime transport is carried out in liquid phase (LNG) by “methane carriers” at a temperature of ‐ 160 ° C. Its industrial use improves the combustion process, enabling a better control, regulation and reduction in the operation cost in generation equipment. Because it ´ s a continuous supply with no storage needs, and for its high benefits, it ´ s ideal for its use in turbines, cogeneration, furnaces, water production, direct flame heating, etc.. 5
1. The natural gas: EMISIONS The use of natural gas instead of other fossil fuels, reduces emissions significantly , being the most environmentally friendly combustible: 25% of CO 2 70% of NOx absence of SO 2 and particles 6
1. The natural gas: ECONOMICAL 7
1. The natural gas: IT’S NATURAL 8
1. The natural gas: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Density LNG Vapour pressure 465 30,0 450 435 25,0 420 20,0 405 Densidad d (Kg/m3) p (b a r a b s ) 390 15,0 375 360 10,0 345 5,0 330 315 0,0 -165,0 -145,0 -125,0 -105,0 300 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 t (ºC) p (bar) 9
1. The natural gas: DENSITY • Before open security valves, we warraty 95% level liquid fase (Instead ADR rules).
Do you know the LNG? • www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCMB7zYiIp4 11
Estado Conver. Nm3 MMPC Kg gas M3 US Kg kWh MMBTU Gallon liquido Gas Nm3 ‐ 35,3x10 0,76 0,0016 0,4275 0,76 10,7 0,03652 ‐ 6 2 1 MMPC 28.300 ‐ 21.000 46 12.106, 21.000 283.00 1.020,0 5 0 4,7x10 ‐ 5 Kg gas 1,32 ‐ 2,3x10 ‐ 0,6x10 ‐ 1 13,6 52,3x10 ‐ 3 3 3 Líquido M3 580 21,8x10 455 ‐ 0,26 455 6.206 22,58 ‐ 3 US 2,34 82,6x10 1,6 3,8 ‐ 1,6 25,04 0,085 ‐ 6 Gallon Kg 1,32 50,5x10 1 2,3x10 ‐ 0,6x10 ‐ ‐ 13,6 52,3x10 ‐ ‐ 6 3 3 3 liquido 3,5x10 ‐ 6 3,3x10 ‐ 3 Energía kWh 0,093 0,073 0,2x10 ‐ 0,04 0,073 ‐ 3 0,9x10 ‐ 3 MMBTU 27,4 19,1 0,044 11,76 19,1 303,03 ‐ 12
1. The natural gas: RISKS • INFLAMABILITY: 4,4 a 17% • CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE: ‐ 164ºC, PRESURE: Pipeline pressure will be around 70 ‐ 80 bar, GNC is around 200 bar • ASPHYXIA: It is NOT tóxic, but it desplace the oxigen • NOT ODOUR: It is necessary to odorize (THT o Mercaptan) 13
1. The natural gas: PREVENTION • CLASSIFICATION: Risk Classification is 3 on a scale of 1 ‐ 3 (1 = low, 2 = medium, 3 = high). Natural gas is lighter than air (specific gravity 0.61) and despite their high levels of flammability and explosiveness, leakage or emissions dissipate quickly in the upper layers of the atmosphere, hindering the formation of explosive mixtures with air. • HIGHLY FLAMMABLE : You must stay away from ignition sources, sparks, flame and heat. Domestic classification or lacking electrical connections are the most common sources of ignition. 14
1. The natural gas: PREVENTION (II) • FLASH POINT: (Natural Gas: ‐ 222ºC) is substance with flash point of 38 ° C or less is considered dangerous, between 38 and 93 ° C, moderately flammable, greater than 93 ° C flammability is low (fuel). The flash point of the natural gas ( ‐ 222ºC) makes it an extremely dangerous compound. • LEVELS OF EXPLOSIVE : mixtures of air with less than 4.5% and more than 14.5% are non ‐ flammable methane or exploited; even in the presence of an ignition source. • CALIBRATION ALARM DETECTORS of explosive mixtures: – Point 1 = 20% LEL: visual and audible alarm gas in the atmosphere. – Point 2 = 60% LEL: You must perform actions stop pumps, block valves, etc ... Before reaching the hazardous area. 15
1. The natural gas: PERSONAL PROTECTION PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT : It is mandatory to wear a uniform to work all day that is exposed to LNG: ‐ HULL: For the protection of the contraimpactos head, penetration, electric shock and burns. ‐ Safety glasses: for front, side and top of eye protection. ‐ Work clothes camisole and pants or long sleeve 100% cotton coverall and leather gloves. ‐ INDUSTRIAL leather boots with protective sleeve and slip ‐ proof soles oil and chemicals. Avoid skin contact with methanol in the liquid phase as it will cause frostbite. 16
2. ‐ Value Chain: Big Scale • BIG SCALE: – Liquefaction trains using cascade system till 20.000 tons/day, – Transport by ship till 200.000 m3 LNG, – Regasification unit till 2 milions Nm3/h. • THIS ARE NOT OUR FOCUS PRESENTATION 17
2. ‐ Value Chain: Medium Scale • MEDIUM SCALE: – Liquefaction trains using MRC system till 2.000 tons/day, – Transport by ship till 10.000 m3 LNG, – Regasification unit till thousands Nm3/h. • THIS ARE NOT OUR FOCUS PRESENTATION 18
2. ‐ Value Chain: Small Scale • SMALL SCALE: – Liquefaction column using Nitrogen expansion system till 300 tons/day, – Transport by truck till 50 m3 LNG, – Regasification unit till 10.000 Nm3/h. • NANO SCALE: – Liquefaction columns using Stirling system till 1 ton/day – Transport and regasification nano scale. 19
2. ‐ Value Chain: Diagram example 1- Methane carrier 2- LNG terminal 3- Cryogenic truck (tanker) 4- Tank 5- Vaporisation station 20
3. LNG Satellite Plants The natural gas is found in liquid phase (LNG) at a temperature of ‐ 160 ° C and low pressures. This conditions are achieved in big liquefaction plants. A LNG Satellite Plants is a set of storage and regasification facilities, designed to supply natural gas to the consumers that are located in areas where there is no gas supply grid. There are some requirements in order to be able to transport LNG to the Satellite Plants: LNG Terminal/Supply Plant close enough, with truck loading facilities available. Proper road infrastructure. To ensure an efficient and stable gas supply, the market needs must be compatible with the price of the LNG in origin, and the costs of the required infrastructure. 21
3. LNG Satellite Plants Basic Concepts and Elements of a LNG Satellite Plants There are 4 main functional groups: LNG Truck download: is the set of elements that allows the LNG transfer from the tanker to the plant. LNG Storage in a cryogenic tank : Is the set formed by the inner container, insulation, covering, valves, instrumentation and control equipment that allows the storage of the LNG at a temperature of ‐ 160 ° C. LNG Regasification to Natural Gas : Is the group of equipment and accessories that are set downstream the tank, which main purpose is transforming the stored LNG into natural gas, at an environment temperature Outlet pressure regulation: Installation used to steady the gas outlet at the required pressure conditions. 22
3. LNG Satellite Plants Modulo Regulación Modulo Depósito P& I LN G PLAN T Modulo Control Modulo Descargas Modulo Gasificación Instituto Superior de la Energía 23 Master en Gas y Electricidad
3. LNG Satellite Plants Instituto Superior de la Energía 24 Master en Gas y Electricidad
3. LNG Satellite Plants Basic Concepts and Elements of a LNG Satellite Plants Auxiliary elements can be also added: Control and Register of Parameters Odorization Security and fire ‐ fighting system Civil works, illumination, etc. The regasification can be either atmospheric or forced, being the most common the atmospheric one, because of its economy, simplicity and security, for it hasn’t got any mechanic or hydraulic drive. The pressure inside de storage tank is usually between 29 ‐ 58 psi (2 ‐ 4 bar). 25
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