Carbon Footprint of Natural Gas Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the GHG emissions of the Natural Gas Supply Chain Gert Müller-Syring, Charlotte Große, Melanie Eyßer, Josephine Glandien DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH Final Presentation
M ODELLING , A SSUMPTIONS AND D ATA Overview of data sources and data availability
GHG M ODELLING AND D ATA C OLLECTION G ENERAL SETTINGS The analysis focuses on the region Central EU (as defined in EXERGIA) considering the same system boundaries as EXERGIA but without dispensing Gasförderung und Gas production and Upstream Model used for -aufbereitung processing calculating the Carbon Gas transport to EU Transport bis Entry-Point Footprint: GHGenius Midstream border (pipeline/ LNG) (Pipeline oder LNG) Version 4.03 (same as Inländischer Transport, Gas transmission, in EXERGIA report) Speicherung (UGS) und storage, distribution Verteilung within EU Downstream Updated best available Treibstoffbereit- Gas dispensing data is used stellung Source: Own illustration Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 3
GHG M ODELLING AND D ATA C OLLECTION S UPPLY COUNTRIES CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY Share of natural gas delivered to Central EU indicate three major suppliers that have a major impact on the Carbon Footprint calculation Source: Own illustration based on IEA Data For these countries updated best available data were collected Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 4
GHG M ODELLING AND D ATA C OLLECTION O VERVIEW OF DATA SOURCES AND AVAILABILITY Source: Eigene Darstellung Explanation of symbols Production & processing Transport to Central EU border Transmission, storage, distribution within Central EU Explanation of colours Updated best available (also other sources) data used Improved data from the same data sources as EXERGIA used* * For detailed explanation, refer to report Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 5
GHG M ODELLING AND D ATA C OLLECTION M ODELLING AND ASSUMPTIONS Changes in the modelling approach: EXERGIA used one generic pipeline for transport of Russian gas to EU Central The current study applies a EXERGIA more realistic approach with three Russian corridors reflection of different pipeline distances, losses and transport energies Source: Own illustration DBI based on https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 6
GHG M ODELLING AND D ATA C OLLECTION M ODELLING AND ASSUMPTIONS Changes in the modelling approach: Market shares of different producers in Central EU are remodelled with latest (2016) IEA data for 2012 and a new set up for 2013 – 2015 A new approach was developed that considers the consumed gas as a mix of gas imports + indigenious production This is an approximation but the real consumption mix is not known and it is presumed that the effect on the Carbon Footprint is negligible EXERGIA used the National Inventory Reports (NIR) from 2014 for 2012, the current study uses the most current NIR from 2016 for 2012/13/14 (some methodological changes within the NIR) Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 7
R ESULTS FOR C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF NATURAL GAS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU
C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF N ATURAL G AS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU G ENERAL ASPECTS Updated best available data for Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Russia used within GHGenius IPCC AR4 GWP 100 values (e.g. 25 for CH 4 ) are applied for all years 1 The Carbon Footprint for 2012 to 2014 was calculated 2 „Dispensing“ was not Source: Own illustration DBI based on https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png considered due to the marginal share of this utilization path 1 Chosen due to comparability to EXERGIA-Report and because values are adopted by the Conference of the Parties 24/CP.19 on its 19th session and implemented in National Inventories. 2 2014 was the most current year where all data were available. For 2015, e.g. the National Inventory Reports are not available, yet. Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 9
C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF N ATURAL G AS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU R ESULT COMPARISON Carbon Footprint of Natural Gas consumed in Central EU 20,000 18,755 Carbon Footprint [gCO 2 e/GJ] 16,000 14,643 12,000 8,922 8,734 7,939 8,000 4,000 0 2012 2013 2014 Exergia (with dispensing) Exergia (without dispensing) DBI (without dispensing) Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 10
C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF N ATURAL G AS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU R ESULT COMPARISON – UNITS CONVERTED The results can also be expressed in gCO 2 e/kWh Carbon Footprint of Natural Gas consumed in Central EU Carbon Footprint [gCO 2 e/kWh] 80 68 60 53 40 32 31 29 20 0 2012 2013 2014 Exergia (with dispensing) Exergia (without dispensing) DBI (without dispensing) Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 11
C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF N ATURAL G AS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU R ESULT EVALUATION According to the new calculation, methane contributes less than 40 % to the Carbon Footprint of natural gas consumed in Central EU in 2012 Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 12
R ESULTS FOR STREAMS WHICH DELIVER NATURAL GAS TO C ENTRAL EU
C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF N ATURAL G AS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU R ESULTS STREAM G ERMANY TO C ENTRAL EU With the updated data and recalculations done the Carbon Footprint for the German stream is: Source: Own illustration DBI based on 7,276 gCO 2 e/GJ in 2012 https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da tei:Major_russian_gas_pipeline s_to_europe.png For Germany, data from Carbon Footprint of Natural Gas consumed in Central EU BVEG, from the German CNG Stream Germany to Central EU TSOs and the NIR was used 15,205 16,000 Deviation due to updates of Carbon Footprint [gCO 2 e/GJ] 11,110 12,000 values for transmission and 7,716 7,437 7,276 8,000 the distribution grid* 4,000 0 2012 2013 2014 Exergia (with dispensing) Exergia (without dispensing) * Updated emission factors show lower emissions of DBI (without dispensing) the distribution grid Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 14
C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF N ATURAL G AS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU R ESULTS STREAM T HE N ETHERLANDS TO C ENTRAL EU With the updated data and recalculations done the Carbon Footprint for the Source: Own illustration Dutch stream is: DBI based on https://de.wikipedia.org/ 2,993 gCO 2 e/GJ in 2012 wiki/Datei:Major_russian _gas_pipelines_to_euro Deviation due to updates of pe.png Carbon Footprint of Natural Gas consumed values for methane in Central EU emissions of the distribution CNG Stream Netherlands to Central EU grid (due to a change in 10,000 Carbon Footprint [gCO 2 e/GJ] 8,263 NIR*) 8,000 6,000 4,215 4,000 3,185 3,051 2,993 2,000 0 2012 2013 2014 Exergia (with dispensing) Exergia (without dispensing) * Updated emission factors show lower emissions of DBI (without dispensing) the distribution grid Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 15
C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF N ATURAL G AS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU R ESULTS STREAM N ORWAY TO C ENTRAL EU With the updated data and recalculations done the Carbon Footprint for the Norwegian stream is Source: Own illustration DBI based 5,429 gCO 2 e/GJ in 2012 on https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Ma jor_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europ Deviation mainly due to e.png Carbon Footprint of Natural Gas consumed updates of values for in Central EU CNG Stream Norway to Central EU correction of transport Carbon Footprint [gCO 2 e/GJ] 16,000 energy 12,589 12,000 8,517 8,000 5,629 5,519 5,429 4,000 0 2012 2013 2014 Exergia (with dispensing) Exergia (without dispensing) DBI (without dispensing) Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 16
C ARBON F OOTPRINT OF N ATURAL G AS CONSUMED IN C ENTRAL EU R ESULTS S TREAM R USSIA TO C ENTRAL EU With the updated data and recalculations done the Carbon Footprint is: Source: Own 16,449 gCO 2 e/GJ in 2012 illustration DBI based on https://de.wikipedia Deviation mainly due to updates .org/wiki/Datei:Maj or_russian_gas_pi pelines_to_europe. of values for energy png consumption/ methane Carbon Footprint of Natural Gas consumed emissions in Central EU CNG Stream Russia (weighted average) to Central EU The Carbon Footprint decreases Carbon Footprint [gCO 2 e/GJ] 40,000 35,880 31,675 32,000 over time, because of implemented efficiency 24,000 16,449 15,086 16,000 measures and upgrading to best 12,239 8,000 available technology for existing 0 infrastructure 2012 2013 2014 Exergia (with dispensing) Exergia (without dispensing) DBI (without dispensing) Critical Evaluation of Default Values for the Natural Gas Supply Chain of GHG emissions 17
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