NZTA TRANSPORT-RELATED AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK November 2012 Rob Hannaby – Principal Environmental Specialist
LAND TRANSPORT AND AIR QUALITY - NZ LEGISLATION AND POLICY o Legislation Land Transport Management Act � (LTMA) 2003 Resource Management Act (RMA) 1991 � o o Policy Policy Government Policy Statement � NZTA Statement of Intent � NZTA State Highway Environmental � Plan
LEGISLATION NZ Transport Agency must comply with….. o Land Transport Management Act (LTMA) 2003 ‘contribute to an affordable, integrated, safe, � responsive, and sustainable land transport system’. system’. o Resource Management Act (RMA) 1991 ‘seeks to promote sustainable management of � natural and physical resources including air…requires avoiding, remedying or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on the environment’.
NZTA STATEMENT OF INTENT (2012-2015) NZTA is committed to protecting and enhancing natural, cultural and built environments NZTA will: Continuously improve performance Continuously improve performance in the management of environmental and social impacts Identify and comply with all relevant environmental and social legislation and regulations
WHY MONITOR (AIR QUALITY)? “YOU CANNOT MANAGE WHAT YOU DO NOT MEASURE” Pavan Sukhdev – Deutsche Bank UN Convention on Biological Diversity 20th October 2010 Capital market expert leading the UN Environment Programme project “The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)”
TRANSPORT-RELATED AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN NZ o Ministry for Environment o Ministry of Transport o Ministry of Health o Regional and Unitary Councils Councils o NZTA
NZTA AIR QUALITY MONITORING o Roading Projects Assessment of environmental effects � Construction effects � Post-construction monitoring � o Operational Policy New, altered and existing roads New, altered and existing roads � � Surface roads and tunnels � o Research Transport-related air quality � management initiatives o Monitoring Trends Exposure � Emissions �
TRANSPORT MONITORING INDICATORS o MoT Transport Indicators o NZTA Transport Data o Regional Land Transport Strategies
NZTA STATE HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/environmental-policy-manual/docs/environmental-plan.pdf
NZTA STATE HIGHWAY NETWORK AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT Environmental Plan Objective A1 ‘Understand the contribution of vehicle traffic to air quality’ PERFORMANCE INDICATOR Annual assessment of vehicle emissions from Annual assessment of vehicle emissions from the state highway network gathered from selected sites using diffusion tubes to measure nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) as a surrogate measure. The objective is to measure a decreasing trend in emissions of NO 2 .
NZTA AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK o Screening monitoring network o Commissioned in 2007 o Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) measured as a proxy for the impact of vehicle emissions vehicle emissions o Nitrogen Oxides (NOx = NO + NO 2 ) derived from combustion of fossil fuels o Affects lung function and airway responsiveness
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO 2 ) ‘Nitrogen dioxide concentrations closely follow vehicle emissions in many situations, so nitrogen dioxide levels are generally a reasonable marker of exposure to traffic-related emissions’ Source: WHO
NETWORK DESIGN o Covers whole of NZ (only national air quality network) o Passive diffusion tubes used - simple and low cost o o Based on UK approach Based on UK approach o Results based on monthly averages
NETWORK LOGISTICS o Management and reporting support by Emission Impossible o Watercare Laboratory Services main contractor main contractor o Tubes supplied and analysed by Staffordshire County o Tubes exchanged by NZTA state highway network management area consultants
SITE SELECTION 1 o 28 ‘Monitoring Zones’ Based on Stats NZ main urban � areas o Sites types: Roadside - State Highway and � Local Road Local Road Urban Background � o 128 monitoring sites o 11 QA/QC sites (tubes co- located with regional council NESAQ compliant ‘continuous’ monitors)
NZ POPULATION - 2010 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Source: Statistics New Zealand
SITE SELECTION 2 o Sites near to (<50m) sensitive receivers Residences, schools, hospitals, � etc o Within designated airsheds o o Roadside sites Roadside sites Highest traffic flows in zone � Elevated congestion � Sites < 50m from road � o Urban Background sites Sites > 50m from road � Comparison sites �
VEHICLE TRAVEL - 2009 Percentage Vehicle Kilometres Travelled by Region in 2009 35.00% o Total VKT in NZ = 39.9 b kms o VKT in Main Urban Areas = 25.1 b kms (63% of VKT) 30.00% o VKT on State Highway Network = 19.6 b kms (49% of VKT) 25.00% o State Highway Network = 11,000 km (12% of roads) o Local Road Network = 83,000 km (88% of roads) 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% n n n n n n n n n n n n n o o n o o o o o o o o o o o i i o g g i i i i i i i i g g i g g g i i g g i g g g e g e g e e e e e e e e e e R e R e R R R R R R R R R R R R i h y u d d y e n y t d o i g s o a k n n n t n o r n t n a u u a g a B a a a r a e n t o b o a o g g l k l l l s a r r C t h k i P b n n O h a o e c e t s r a i t r W a b u u k l t t o f i W l n s o G T e l o A w r N a e W a S y a - C W u M a H B t a - n w a a m n s a a M T Source: Ministry of Transport
EXPOSURE v EMISSIONS Intersection of Cumberland Street and Hanover Street, near Dunedin City Hospital
NO 2 ANNUAL AVERAGE BY SITE – 2011
ELEVATED CONCENTRATION SITES 2011 AUCKLAND SH1 Central Motorway Junction, SH20A George Bolt Dr / Kirkbride Rd, Auckland CBD Airport Oaks
ELEVATED CONCENTRATION SITES 2011 AUCKLAND Great North Road / Rata Street, New North Road / Mt Albert Road, New Lynn Mt Albert
ELEVATED CONCENTRATION SITES 2011 HAMILTON SH1 Greenwood Street / Kilarney Road, SH1 / SH3 Lorne Street / Ohaupo Road, Frankton Melville
AUCKLAND TRENDS 2007 - 2011
HAMILTON TRENDS 2007 - 2011
TAURANGA TRENDS 2007 - 2011
WELLINGTON TRENDS 2007 - 2011
CHRISTCHURCH TRENDS 2007 - 2011
DUNEDIN TRENDS 2007 - 2011
QA/QC – PASSIVE v CONTINUOUS MONITORS
NO 2 ANNUAL AVERAGE v 1 HOUR AVERAGE Source: NIWA
KEY FINDINGS o Air quality near roads varies within and between regions throughout NZ o Exceedences of WHO guideline in 2011 in parts of Auckland and Hamilton o o National Environmental Standard for Air Quality National Environmental Standard for Air Quality (NESAQ) (1 hour NO 2 standard) unlikely to be exceeded if annual average < WHO guideline
KEY FINDINGS o Elevated levels near to state highways AND local roads o Elevated levels near heavily trafficked roads AND intersections o Higher concentrations in winter o Results show similar spatial and temporal patterns to continuous data o More data required to understand year-on-year trends
INTEGRATED TRANSPORT-RELATED AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT Transport Service Providers Infrastructure Policy Providers Makers Transport and Land Use Planners Planners Road Transport Controlling Users Authorities Sector Representatives Managers and Developers Regulators Researchers
FURTHER INFORMATION http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/air-quality-monitoring/
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